https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/issue/feed 2025-02-18T11:33:25+00:00 Dr. M. Sohail Afzal [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;">BioScientific Review (BSR) is an open-access peer-reviewed journal published on a quarterly basis. It provides a modern and multidisciplinary platform for free and fast publications broadly covering all aspects of life sciences. Research in the field of life sciences has grown at a bewildering pace during the last decade and BSR intends to publish momentous advances in all specialized areas of life sciences and bring them to light.&nbsp;</p> https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/view/6543 2025-02-17T11:04:16+00:00 Muhammad Anees Sharif [email protected] Muhammad Imran [email protected] Ramna Zia [email protected] Ali Hamza [email protected] Hashim Ali [email protected] Adeel Shahid [email protected] Muhammad Ilyas [email protected] Areeba Manzoor [email protected] Nida Tahir [email protected]

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a&nbsp;significant health problem. They affect individuals across all age groups globally, with a higher prevalence among women and patients with chronic disorders such as diabetes.</p> <p><strong>Methodology.</strong> The current study was performed in the Department of Urology at The University of Lahore to explore the susceptibility of UTIs across different age groups in this region. For this purpose, 157 patients presented with the symptoms of frequent urination and pain during urination were considered. These also included some patients admitted in The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. Midstream urine samples were collected from patients and cultured. Bacterial colonies of positive cultures were identified through morphological characteristics and serological tests such as Lancefield grouping. Additionally, biochemical tests and API 20E were used to identify members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The data was analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0).</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> In this study, the overall prevalence of UTIs was 53.5%, with the highest incidence of UTIs occurring in patients aged 25 to 45 years. The frequently identified isolates comprised <em>Escherichia coli</em> which accounted for 46 (54.8%) cases, followed by <em>Enterococcus</em> species accounting for 11 (13.1%) cases, <em>Klebsiella</em> species accounting for 07 (8.3%) cases, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> accounting for another 07 (8.3%) cases. Furthermore, it was found that gram-negative bacteria showed a high level of resistance with 73.3% for cefixime, 73.2% for ceftriaxone, 73.0% for ceftazidime, and a relatively low level of resistance against fosfomycin (15.9%) and nitrofurantoin (16.3%). On the other hand, gram-positive isolates showed a higher level of resistance against penicillin (66.7%). Whereas, all isolates were found to be sensitive to gentamycin (100%).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing prior to antibiotic prescription is recommended. Aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin proved to be the most effective drugs of choice against these bacteria.</p>

2025-02-17T11:03:51+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Anees Sharif, Muhammad Imran, Ramna Zia, Ali Hamza, Hashim Ali, Adeel Shahid, Muhammad Ilyas, Areeba Manzoor, Nida Tahir https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/BSR/article/view/6526 2025-02-18T11:33:25+00:00 Azhar Hussain Kaleri [email protected] Hubdar Ali Kaleri [email protected] Habibullah Janyaro [email protected] Muhammad Anees Memon [email protected] Muhammad Awais Memon [email protected] Naqeeb Ur Rehman [email protected] Dure Shahwar [email protected] Mudasar Ahmed Khosa [email protected] Rameez Raja Kaleri [email protected]

<p><strong>Background. </strong>The current study was carried out to determine the persistency of lactation in Thari cattle, in view of the impact of heritability and seasons.</p> <p><strong>Method.</strong> The data on lactation length and lactation yield of Thari cattle (based on their 6 lactations) were collected for the period 2007-2017. To observe the effect of seasons on lactation persistency, the seasons were categorized as summer (April to September) and winter (October to March) for calved cows. The cows were grouped into four categories (A, B, C, and D) based on their sires to analyze the genetic effect on lactation persistency. The data were collected and analyzed using SAS software.</p> <p><strong>Results.</strong> The results for the persistency of lactation revealed that it was higher in 3^rdlactation (51.43± 3.85 and 57.00±3.33%) and lower in 1^st lactation (39.73± 7.26 and 43.67±5.78%) of summer and winter calvers, respectively. Similarly, sire-wise persistency of milk yield and lactation length was higher in Sire D daughters (1114.33±133.11, 216.4±3.54, and 73.09±7.60) and lower in Sire A daughters (1050.87±66.24, 193.8±7.56, and 58.62±8.10), respectively. Age-wise, it was higher in Sire D daughters 81-25 (61.81 ± 6.31) and lower in Sire A daughters 73-21 (37.39 ± 7.23), respectively. The heritability estimates for milk yield, lactation length, and persistency of lactation were observed as 0.22, 0.21, and 0.11, respectively.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The study found that the season of calving and lactation number significantly affect lactation yield, length, and persistency. On the other hand, there was no significant difference observed with reference to paternity. Lactation yield and length were higher in the 3^rd lactation for both summer and winter calvers, while lower in the 1^st lactation for both seasons. The heritability of milk yield, lactation length, and persistency was low, suggesting that improvements can be made through better management and by avoiding inbreeding.</p>

2025-02-18T11:33:23+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Azhar Hussain Kaleri, Hubdar Ali Kaleri, Habibullah Janyaro, Muhammad Anees Memon, Muhammad Awais Memon, Naqeeb Ur Rehman, Dure Shahwar, Mudasar Ahmed Khosa, Rameez Raja Kaleri