Clinical and Counselling Psychology Review

Psychological Functioning of Teachers Working in General and Special School Settings

Saira Maqsood — 2023-01-25

Education develops human personality, refine thoughts, teach how to deal with others, and prepare better human beings for life. Teachers are the pivotal element of education system as they have to inculcate the purpose of education in individuals. This research aimed to explore the relationship between two elements of psychological functioning i.e. meaning in life and life satisfaction in teachers working in different educational settings. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit N=140 teachers; n =70 from general and n =70 from special educational settings. A cross-sectional research design was employed. Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Demographic Information Sheet were used to collect the responses of school teachers. Results showed that teachers working in the special education setting reported high search for meaning in life as compared to teachers working in the general education setting. Furthermore, male teachers reported high search of meaning in life compared to female teachers. It was also revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between presence of meaning in life and satisfaction with life in teachers. Moreover, presence of meaning in life positively predicted life satisfaction. This research will lead the administration of the education system to introduce healthy reforms to improve psychological functioning of teachers and prepare them for upcoming challenges in the educational field.

Emotional Abuse, Bullying and Forgiveness among Adolescents

Eshal Jahangir — 2023-01-25

The current research was conducted to assess emotional abuse, bullying and forgiveness among adolescents. A sample of N =147 adolescents (n = 68 boys and n =79 girls) aged 13-17 years, (M = 15, SD = 1.35) were recruited through convenience sampling technique. The Demographic Form, Child Adolescent Bullying Scale (CABS), Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (self-developed), and Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory (TRIM-18) were used to assess study variables. Chi-Square, Pearson Product Moment correlation, simple linear regression, and Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data. Results revealed that non-significant gender differences were found in the study variables. Findings state that high levels of bullying and older participants showed high benevolent motivation. Girls were more likely to be emotionally abused for their appearance and boys are more likely to confront their bullies and feel worthless/inferior as a result of emotional abuse. Limitations and recommendations for research are also discussed.

Exploring Sufferings in Unmarried Women with Breast Cancer and Surgery

Dr. Muhammad Saleem — 2023-01-25

The current research was intended to uncover sufferings of unmarried women who had gone through breast surgery or having breast cancer, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Purposive sample of 45 women was recruited from Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Oncology (BINO), Bahawalpur, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (INMOL) Hospital, Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using IPA. Four core themes were extracted from the experiences of the patients that went through breast cancer diagnosis, surgery and beyond. Themes included undesirable feelings, flattered self, emotional affliction and, dreadful future. Cancer, breast surgery, post-surgical complications and social stigma were main factors that revealed fears in patients.

Childhood Attachment with Parents as Predictor of Subjective Wellbeing in Emerging Adults

Sarah Khan — 2023-01-25

The current study was intended to explore the dynamics of attachment relationships with the caregivers formed during childhood and the influence of this attachment on the well-being of the emerging adults. It was hypothesized that insecure (avoidant & anxious) attachment style with mother/father is negatively correlated with subjective well-being among emerging adults (18-25 years old). Furthermore, insecure attachment (avoidant & anxious) with mother/father in childhood predicts decreased subjective well-being in emerging adults. The sample comprised N = 403 undergraduate students, aged 18-25 years, from a public sector university. Experiences in Close Relationships- Relations Structure was used to assess the attachment insecurity of the adult with his/her mother and father both. Subjective well-being was measured using three scales: Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale, and Flourishing Scale. The regression analyses showed that subjective well-being was significantly predicted by insecure attachment.

Keywords: attachment insecurity, subjective well-being, emerging adulthood

Urdu Translation and Validation of Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale among Frontliners during Covid-19

Asma Mazhar — 2023-01-25

Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2021 till July, 2021. The study has consisted of two phases. The first phase was comprised of translation of scale in the Urdu language following guidelines provided by WHO. Whereas in the second phase psychometric properties of the scale have been established in two parts. In the first step of study the Urdu translated scale was distributed among 290 frontliners (doctors and paramedics) who can read Urdu. The mean age was 35.14 SD= 8.94. In the second step of study 120 participants (frontline nurses) were included. The mean age was 35.82 SD= 9.01 Result of Kaiser-Guttman’s and Cattell’s scree plot suggest that only one principal component emerged with minimum 0.50 factor loading. Item total correlation ranged from .68 to .75. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94. Test-retest reliability of scale was 0.86. For convergent validity correlation coefficient with the perceived stress scale was .83 and with depression, anxiety and stress scale was 0.77, 0.73, and 0.74 respectively that showed significant positive relationship among constructs of scales. For discriminant validity correlation coefficient with satisfaction with life scale was -.26 suggesting a weak correlation among both constructs .On Language equivalence for both scales (English and Urdu version) have strong correlation of 0.94. Reliability and validity coefficients suggest that Urdu version of Secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS) is reliable and valid scale.