AKHAN, Zharas; USKEMBAYEV, Kanat; YESKALIYEV, Samat; NYSHANBAY, Zhanerke; MAKIPOV, Askar; TUYAKOVA, Aizhan; BEKBOLAT, Nurdanbek. The Islamic and Spiritual Resistance Movement of the Kazakh People against the Cultural Colonization of Tsarist Russia in the Early 20th Century. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, [S. l.], v. 16, n. 2, 2026. DOI: 10.32350/jitc.162.03. Disponível em: https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JITC/article/view/7899. Acesso em: 11 sep. 2026.