V2V: Securing Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication, Architectures, Threats, and Countermeasures

Muhammad Asad Abbas; Syed Muhammad Mehdi Raza; Muhammad Zunnurain Hussain; Nadeem Sarwar

Muhammad Asad Abbas Bahria University, BULC, Lahore, Pakistan, 54600
Syed Muhammad Mehdi Raza Bahria University, BULC, Lahore, Pakistan, 54600
Muhammad Zunnurain Hussain Bahria University, BULC, Lahore, Pakistan, 54600
Nadeem Sarwar Bahria University, BULC, Lahore, Pakistan, 54600

Keywords: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), C-V2X, 5G/6G, Blockchain, AI-Driven Security, V2X Communication, Edge Computing, Intelligent Transportation Systems.

Abstract

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The rapid evolution of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has transformed Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication into a foundational component of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, the complexity of dynamic vehicular environments introduces significant challenges in terms of communication reliability, latency, and cybersecurity. This paper presents an enhanced framework for V2V communication that integrates a novel taxonomy of technologies, security mechanisms, and challenges, providing a comprehensive overview of the field. The proposed taxonomy classifies V2V research trends by access technology (DSRC, C-V2X, 5G NR, and VLC), security layer, and mitigation strategy. Furthermore, simulation-based validation using vehicular mobility traces is incorporated to evaluate packet delivery ratio, delay, and throughput under varying network conditions. The study also explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain technologies can enhance routing efficiency, trust management, and intrusion resilience in future vehicular networks. Finally, a forward-looking vision (2025–2030) outlines emerging research opportunities in edge-intelligent, AI-driven, and blockchain-secured V2X ecosystems.

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