Scientific Inquiry and Review

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Tannins Isolated from Callus Cultures of Achyranthes aspera L.

Madieha Ambreen — 2024-07-01

In the current study, the impact of oxidative stress induced by free radicals generated during metabolic processes was investigated. It was found to be linked to a variety of diseases due to their detrimental effects on nucleic acids and proteins. The primary focus remained on investigating the free radical-scavenging properties and potential anticancer activities of tannins found in callus cultures of A. aspera. It was observed that the induction of callus formation was notably successful when using leaf and root explants, resulting in a callus index as high as 160, as compared to stem explants in the presence of auxins. The extraction yield of callus tannins was the most abundant in chloroform extracts, although the overall antioxidant activity was comparable among chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether callus extracts. Among these extracts, the chloroform extract from stem callus cultures grown on the MSDN medium showed the highest total antioxidant activity. Notably, tannins extracted from A. aspera leaf callus extracts displayed significant anticancer effects against the Jurket cell line. These effects were evaluated through measures such as cell viability and colony formation. The anticancer activity was notably higher in callus culture extracts as compared to the control. In summary, the results showed that in vitro biomass production can be a valuable approach for augmenting the production of bioactive compounds, such as tannins, from selected medicinal plants including A. aspera. Tannins extracted from A. aspera hold promise for their potential role in the development of new medicines.

Non-Kerr Law Medium: Optical Solitons and their Perturbation

Muhammad Javaid Afzal — 2024-07-08

This investigation focuses on the perturbation analysis of optical solitons within a medium in accordance with the non-Kerr law. In the field of partial differential equations, generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation (GNLSE) is an integrable nonlinear equation. In the non-Kerr law non-linear medium, GNLSE is utilized for doing an analytical analysis of soliton perturbations as well as the soliton itself. In case of non-Kerr law instance, the application of quasi-stationarity results in a soliton that is very close to being approximated. Several edge scenarios of nonlinearity that vary from the Kerr law remain the primary focus of the current study. Although it was found that a disturbance of the nonlinear damping kind remains present, equations can be solved to find solutions. Consequently, GNLSE cannot be integrated because of the presence of higher-order dispersion.

Shape-Preserving Techniques with Fractional Order C1 Linear Trigonometric Spline

Syed Khawar Nadeem Kirmani — 2024-07-12

Generating a smooth curve or surface is the prime goal of interpolation. If the given interplant reflects the exact shape of the data, it would be an added advantage. In this study, a general form of Fractional Order Linear Trigonometric Spline (FOLTS) is proposed with continuity. A method for modeling imperative curves has been developed with the goal of using it in a variety of engineering, scientific, and design fields. The primary goal of this research is to combine linear trigonometric spline with Caputo derivative in order to obtain better control over the curve in each sub-interval. The curve can be manipulated locally with the help of one degree of freedom involved in the form of fractional parameters. To describe shape-preserving interpolation applications, two more parameters namely “s” and “t” have been developed. These parameters ensure that the interpolated piecewise curve is able to satisfy shape-preserving properties. The study also compares FOLTS with quadratic Lagrange and cubic spline.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) with Schiff Base Ligands (SBLs): Biological Screening of Divalent Metal Chelated Complex

Muhammad Aslam — 2024-07-04

This study aimed to develop novel Schiff base ligands (SBLs), namely N¹,N²-Bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine (1), 4,6-Dimethyl-N-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidin-2-amine (2) and N¹,N²-Bis((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (3). It also aimed to examine how they coordinate with various bidentate transition metal ions to form metal complexes. The goal was to properly characterize the newly synthesized chemicals and investigate their possible uses in chemical and pharmaceutical industries, with an emphasis on the drug industry. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to methodically monitor and confirm the synthesis process at each step. The compounds were then put through characterization procedures such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), urease inhibition assays, and assessments of antioxidant activity.

Cultivation, Identification, and Parameter Optimization of Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) in Primary Culture

Muhammad Naqeeb Ur Rehman Qureshi — 2024-07-26

Chicken eggs have frequently been used as research models for pathogenic disease processes and human research biology. The inflammatory responses and immune suppressions significantly influence the growth of chicken embryo fibroblasts’s (CEFs) growth. In the current study, CEFs were isolated, grown and effect of temperature, serum, incubation, and viral growth were examined. An inverted microscope confirmed morphological features and spindle shape CEFs. It was revealed that 37 ºC temperature, 24-48 h incubation time, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution are best optimal conditions for cultivation of CEFs. Viral growth was more prominent with an increase in incubation time span. Haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays confirmed 1024 virus counts and 6 titer of blood. The current study is a contribution to the literature that could be explored to model a platform for the development of viral vaccines by using CEFs cultures.