Scientific Inquiry and Review

Convergence and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias Stability Analyses with Error Estimation of Numerical Solutions of Bratu Type Equations

Saif Ullah — 2025-10-15

A detailed investigation of properties and numerical solutions of Bratu type equations is performed in this article. The approximate solutions of Bratu differential equations are computed by Picard's iterative scheme. The existence, uniqueness and convergence of solutions are verified for every example. It has also been proved that Bratu type equations are Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable. Furthermore, the derived results are compared with those already exist in the literature so as to validate that Picard's scheme estimates the actual solutions very precisely as compared to other numerical techniques. The absolute errors are also estimated and compared which verified that results obtained by Picard's method have least error.

The In Silico Discovery of Cefoperazone as a Novel MMP-2 Inhibitor for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

Fariha javaid Fariha — 2025-10-21

In silico drug repurposing has emerged as a promising methodology for the identification of novel therapeutic applications for pre-existing pharmaceuticals. This investigation explores the efficacy of eight selected third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, as potential inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in ovarian cancer. MMP-2 is recognized for its pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis, rendering it a compelling target for oncological treatment. We assessed the binding affinity and stability of selected cephalosporins with MMP-2 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings indicate that only Cefoperazone demonstrates robust binding interactions (∆G -8.1 Kcal/mol) within the active site of MMP-2, suggesting its viability as an effective inhibitor. Furthermore, MD simulations (duration 10 mins) using normal mode analysis (NMA) revealed that the interactions between MMP-2 and Cefoperazone are exceptionally stable under virtual physiological conditions. The low eigenvalue (1.513588e−04) and B-factor further support the stability of the docked complex. Elastic network model analysis indicates that the docked protein molecule atoms are interconnected by flexible springs, suggesting appropriate molecular motion in the vicinity of the binding site. Consequently, these findings offer novel insights into cefoperazone as a potential candidate for MMP-2 inhibition in the treatment of ovarian cancer. This research also demonstrates the efficacy of in silico methodologies in drug repurposing and paves the way for developing targeted therapeutic strategies in the management of ovarian cancer.

Chemical Modifications of Alginates for Biomedical Applications-A Review

Atta Rasool — 2025-10-15

In current pharmaceutical developments biopolymers have earned a unique position as a choice of excipient not only by affecting formulation developments but also imparting biocompatibility, degradability and stimuli responsiveness for controlled drug release in living systems. Alginate (Alg) is a versatile, flexible, bioactive, non-toxic and inexpensive biopolymers obtained from brown seaweeds and some exo-polysaccharide producing bacteria. Native Alg is susceptible to faster degradation, dimensional instability, de-polymerization at high temperature and low pH precipitation. Therefore, its chemical modifications attracted researcher in order to improve biological, chemical and physicochemical properties by tailoring its hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups via oxidation, reductive amination, acetylation, phosphorylation, sulfation, esterification, amidation and Ugi reactions. These modifications are carried out by blending, cross-linking and grafting to enable the use of Alg to improve cell affinity, gelation, mechanical strength, structural, functional flexibility and encapsulation for drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, cancer treatments, food packaging, metal adsorption, wastewater treatment and cosmetics. The active sites in the Alg are generated by the use of initiator, cross-linker or irradiation. In this review, sources, properties and different chemical reactions used for making alginate derivatives are summarized. In the end, applications of modified Alg in medico-biological, environmental and food industry are briefly stated.

The Thermoelectric ANSYS Simulation for Current Generation

Dr. Muhammad Javaid Afzal — 2025-10-15

One way to convert heat into electricity is through thermoelectric power generation, which is a renewable energy conversion method. To forecast how well a thermoelectric producing system will work, this study suggests a new fluid-thermal-electric multi-physics numerical model. Exhaust temperature and mass flow rate are included in the numerical simulations conducted on the ANSYS platform. From 100 to 450 degrees Celsius is the temperature range of the hot ends. Like the hot end, the cold end may go as hot as 25 degrees Celsius and as low as 10 degrees Celsius. As the temperature at the hot end of the generator increases, the cold end temperature must decrease. This signifies that the two are inversely related. The hot junction has a maximum heat absorption of 32.762 W and a minimum of 4.6305 W. This paper's thermoelectric generator yields a maximum current of 72.156 A and a minimum current of 10.816 A. The output is highly dependent on where the hot side heat exchanger is placed in respect to the thermoelectric modules. To build a comprehensive thermoelectric generating system for practical usage, it is recommended to combine the advantages of multiple models.