Scientific Inquiry and Review

Significance of Exponential Space-Based Internal Heat Source on Bio-Convective Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Due to Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Darcy–Forchheimer and Lorentz Forces

Muhammad Arbaz — 2026-01-20

This study investigates two-dimensional flow of bio-convective Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching sheet in the influence of motile microorganisms. Furthermore, the impact of thermal radiation and exponential space-based heat sources have been analyzed. The results showed that magnetic, Darcy–Forchheimer, Deborah and inertia parameters significantly suppressed the velocity field while modifying thermal and concentration boundary-layer thicknesses. Brownian motion and thermophoretic effects enhanced temperature and nanoparticle concentration, whereas bioconvective parameters strongly regulated microorganism density and associated bio-convective patterns. Applications of the current research study include model oil reservoirs, solar energy technology, re-entry of spacecraft, electrical power generation, cosmological flows, chemical engineering, air and water management systems, industrial zones, human blood flow, bioindustrial systems, environmental sciences and power generating systems, etc.

Finite Fractional Hilbert Transform

Naheed Abdullah — 2026-02-16

In the present paper, we introduce the finite fractional Hilbert transform. Parseval-type identities concerning the finite fractional Hilbert transform are proved. Moreover, we obtain an inequality for finite fractional Hilbert transform of β− Hölder continuous functions. Applications for some functions are also provided.

Development and Validation of a UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Atorvastatin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

Muhammad Aslam — 2025-12-18

A new UV-spectrophotometric method is devised that uses methanol as a solvent to precisely measure the quantity of atorvastatin present in both raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage form. It is efficient, accurate, simple, quick, and distinctive. High sensitivity and accuracy are the distinguishing features of this approach. Atorvastatin’s max was located at 247 nm. A linear relationship between the concentrations of 10-20 g ml^-1 was discovered, exhibiting a high correlation coefficient. The new method’s precision, linearity, accuracy, and limit of detection (LOD) were all validated statistically. The results affirm the suitability of this method for daily analysis of atorvastatin in both its raw form and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that this method avoids the need for costly solvents, extraction procedures, derivatization, and time-consuming steps. Hence, it is successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations and validated in harmony with the standard procedures of the International Council of Harmonization (ICH)

Groundwater Quality Dynamics in a Low-Mineralized Aquifer in Southern Nigeria: Integrating Physicochemical, Correlation, and Cluster Analyses

Peter Bassey — 2025-11-28

Groundwater of Benin, Southern Nigeria was analyzed to evaluate the water quality and suitability for drinking. Fifteen random groundwater samples were collected. The results were compared with the international standards / guidelines / thresholds. Importantly, lower pH (i.e., 4.75) indicating acidic conditions, well below the acceptable range (i.e., pH 6.5–8.5). More critically, the concentrations of Fe²⁺ (mean 0.57 mg/L) and Zn²⁺ (mean 0.17 mg/L) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits (i.e., Fe²⁺ 0.3 mg/L and Zn²⁺ 0.01 mg/L). Conversely, electrical conductivity (12.42 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (5.75 mg/L), chloride (13.91 mg/L), and nitrate (1.85 mg/L) were all found within the safe WHO thresholds. Cd and Pb were below the detection limits. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations, i.e., between electrical conductivity and turbidity (r = 0.855), and total suspended solids with carbonate (r = 0.933) and nitrate (r = 0.817). Distinct groupings of parameters, as indicated in cluster analysis, suggested common geogenic and anthropogenic influences. The study may conclude that the groundwater of the study-area is not suitable for direct human consumption. Prior treatment for elevated acidity and critical contamination from Fe²⁺ and Zn²⁺ are necessary. Immediate remediation efforts are, therefore, required to safeguard public health in the study area

2025 Nobel Prize: Tregs Unlock Immune Tolerance

Muhammad Shoaib Khan — 2025-12-15

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to the researchers who identified regulatory T cells, abbreviated as Tregs, a groundbreaking discovery concerning peripheral immune tolerance. These cells protect our body from autoimmune diseases. The fields of immunology and clinical medicine have been influenced by their discoveries. With the increased knowledge of immunology, novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of allergies, lethal autoimmune diseases, and organ transplant rejection are being introduced. While, targeted therapies to restore immune balance are expected.