MASROOR, Ahsan; DR. AFFAN ALIM; ASIF RAZA. Deep Learning Model Training and Evaluation Framework for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using PSO-Optimized Hyper parameters. UMT Artificial Intelligence Review, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 83–91, 2025. DOI: 10.32350/umt-air.42.05. Disponível em: https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/UMT-AIR/article/view/6342. Acesso em: 6 jun. 2026.