https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/ihr <p style="text-align: justify;">International Health Review (IHR) is an open access peer-reviewed biannual journal that strives to lead the debate on multidisciplinary aspects of health and medical sciences and to publish high value productive research through a rigorous process of peer-review and evaluation in the field of health and medical sciences. The journal’s mission is to bring novel, significant, enduring, and advance research of prime importance to health practitioners, researchers and medical experts that addresses challenging questions in health and medical disciplines.</p> University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan en-US International Health Review 2791-0008 https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/ihr/article/view/4881 <p>Hemodialysis patients require major modifications in their behavior and dietary pattern for catering to their health complications. Slight inaccuracies in diet and practices can create severe complications for patients including overhydration, hyperkalemia, and phosphorus excess. Patients must have adequate knowledge to maintain the optimum balance of minerals and dry weight. The objective of the study was to assess the dietary knowledge of hemodialysis patients and compare it with their attitudes and practices. Also, to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). For this purpose, data was collected from 6 different hospitals across Lahore that include Hijaz Hospital, Jinnah Hospital, Bahria International Hospital, Indus Hospital, Services Hospital, and Skyline welfare trust. The target population included the hemodialysis patients both males and females with no specification regarding race or ethnicity. Convenience sampling was employed to gather data from available dialysis patients. The result’s analysis reported that out of 306 participants, 54.9% were male and 16.1% were female. Gender comparison demonstrated that males exhibited more favorable attitudes than females. Analysis of the KAP questionnaire revealed that 64.4% of patients had good knowledge, while 77.4% demonstrated a positive attitude. In conclusion, the study reveals that the socioeconomic status of most patients marked significant differences in their level of knowledge and attitude, however, practices remain unaffected from socioeconomic status. Education appears to have a strong correlation with good knowledge about renal diet, whereas attitudes and practices are independent of it.</p> Aiza Talat Ribaha Javaid Umm-e-Habiba Faiza Kamal Ayesha Jamshaid Copyright (c) 2025 International Health Review 2025-09-18 2025-09-18 5 1 01 14 10.32350/ihr.51.01 https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/ihr/article/view/7632 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has irreversibly changed our approach to public health surveillance, piloting the widespread use of digital epidemiological tools and exposing new possibilities along with ongoing deficits in our surveillance architecture. The current study looked at recent developments in digital epidemiology during the post-pandemic period in terms of evolution, opportunities, and challenges. The study presented important opportunities, such as the ability to provide real-time surveillance, democratized access to epidemiological data, and integrated data sources. Furthermore, it also identified common challenges surrounding data privacy rules, digital divide, technical constraints, and governance systems. It demonstrated that although digital epidemiology holds great promise to improve public health surveillance, to fulfil it, the community must grapple with such key challenges as interoperability, equity, trust, and governance. These findings underscore the need for the post-pandemic period (2020–2025) to be a policy window of opportunities where it would be possible to build strong digital surveillance systems that are sustainable, equitable, and can effectively meet the needs of future public health emergencies whilst protecting individual rights and promoting health equity.</p> Ammaz Sajid Maria Anam Amna Salahudin Umair Safdar Aitzaz Sajid Alina Riaz Copyright (c) 2025 International Health Review 2025-05-30 2025-05-30 5 1 33 54 10.32350/ihr.51.03