https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/lpr/issue/feed 2025-03-28T07:48:08+00:00 Dr Kashif Imran Zadi, Khushbakht Qaiser [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;">LPR is an international open-access Bi-annual journal launched in 2020 by the School of Law and Policy, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. LPR is a peer-review journal, which is published biannually. It not only entertains pieces that are exclusively on law and policy, but also pieces that are interdisciplinary in nature. The aim is to not only provide a platform for discussing and analyzing Pakistan and global matters but also to promote quality research in Pakistani legal academia.</p> https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/lpr/article/view/6460 2025-03-14T04:24:12+00:00 Arooj Aziz Malik [email protected] Muhammad Waqar [email protected]

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study examines the disturbing practice of forced religious conversions and the violation of minority rights in Sindh, Pakistan, focusing on the complex interrelation between the legal frameworks, sociocultural pressures, and institutional failures. Pakistan’s Constitution (1973) guarantees religious freedom as a fundamental right, as outlined in Articles 20 (freedom to profess religion and to manage religious institutions) and 22 (safeguards to educational institutions in respect of religion). However, religious minorities, particularly young women are more vulnerable to systematic violence which limits their freedom of belief. This research adopts a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing legal analysis, empirical data and testimonies from victims to highlight the shortcomings of legislative and judicial responses.&nbsp; Through a comparative analysis of local and international human right obligations, this study aims to address the gaps in the implementation of laws protecting religious minorities in Sindh, offering recommendations to improve legal and policy interventions.</p>

2025-03-14T04:22:30+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Arooj Aziz Malik, Muhammad Waqar https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/lpr/article/view/6319 2025-03-28T07:48:08+00:00 Muhammad Salman Shafiq [email protected]

<p style="text-align: justify;">A fundamental principle in international law is state immunity or state sovereignty. When interacting with investment law, this principle presents significant challenges, especially regarding investment protection. This study focuses on balancing sovereign rights and investor protection by exploring the issues and complications related to state immunity in investment disputes concerning arbitration, for execution of arbitral awards. It is found that legal safeguards for state immunity often obstruct investors from finding remedies for breaches of investment contracts. To reconcile these issues, this study discusses modern-day techniques regarding international investment treaties, following the emerging trends in customary law. By analyzing multiple case laws, the study sheds light on the challenges investors face during the arbitration process and enforcement of arbitral awards against the host state. In search of reforms to find a balanced legal framework, the role of prominent international organizations in the arbitration system is also discussed. The findings of this study suggest that, although state sovereignty is a substantial barrier, specific provisions in agreements including a transparent arbitration process, clarity in attaching assets, continuous review of contracts and right of appeal against arbitral awards should be incorporated.</p>

2025-03-28T07:45:06+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Salman Shafiq