فلسفہ، سائنس اور مذہب کا باہمی فرق، تعامل اور اقبال کا فلسفہ علم
Abstract
Abstract Views: 38
This paper examines the historical and theoretical differences and connections between philosophy, science and religion, focusing on the different aims and methods of these three fields of knowledge and understanding. It traces the roots of science in natural philosophy, examining their corresponding roles in research, through the study of the historical background of philosophy and science. It then talks about the shared basis and the controversies between philosophy and religion, and explains the unique purpose of religion in specifying the relationship between Creator and creation.
This paper takes the view that science should be seen as a means and not as an end in accordance with the hierarchical system of philosophical research. Moreover, this paper highlights the supremacy of religious teachings in relation to the reality and meaning of ethics and values, arguing that religious awareness is stronger, more meaningful and based on realization than intellectual awareness alone, which is why the system of ethics offered by religion is always superior. The problem of the relationship between religion, philosophy and science was a subject of special interest to Allama Iqbal. Although he also discussed this issue in his philosophical poetry, he presented it rigorously in his philosophical book “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.”
In exploring the complex relationship between religion, philosophy and science, this article also
focuses on this masterpiece of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. This article is an attempt to concisely analyze Allama Iqbal's views on religion, philosophy and science in the context of his philosophical discourse. The interpretation of scientific principles in the light of Islamic thought, and the analysis of Allama's vision on the evolution of religious thought are important parts of the subject of this article in which an attempt has been made to find out how these three different fields of knowledge can be harmonized in the search for universal knowledge and what significance Iqbal's thoughts have in the current debates on this journey.
The structure of the reconstruction of Islamic thought stands on three important pillars: metaphysics, the concept of knowledge, and law. Focusing on Iqbal's concept of knowledge, an attempt has been made to shed light on his metaphysical and theological philosophy of knowledge. However, the conclusion of this paper emphasizes the need to maintain a clear distinction and an atmosphere of cooperation between different fields of knowledge in order to promote the pursuit of knowledge.
Downloads
References
Aristotle. Metaphysics. Translated by W. D. Ross. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Begum, Shagufta. “Iqbal’s Epistemology.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, no. 12 (June 2013): 142–50.
Iqbal, Muhammad. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934.
Islamic Texts Society. The Quran. Translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 2014.
Jones, L. The Relationship between Science and Religion: An Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Lee, Robert D. The Quest for Authentic Islam: From Iqbal's Poetic Reasoning to Arkoun's Critical Reasoning. Translated by Ahmad Bayquni. Bandung: Mizan, 2022.
“A Nexus Between Religion, Philosophy and Science with Special Reference to ‘The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam’.” Pakistan Journal of Social Research 4, no. 4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.892.
Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Treasury of Modern Religious Thought. London: Little, Brown and Company, 1990.
Plato. Republic. Translated by Allan Bloom. New York: Basic Books, 1968.
Smith, John. The Enlightenment Era and the Birth of Modern Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. Modern Islam in India: A Social Analysis. New Delhi: Usha Publication, 1979.
Smith, William. Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2021.
Socrates. Apology. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 2000.
Stace, W. T. A Critical History of Greek Philosophy. London: Macmillan Company, 1953.
Williams, Jane. Philosophy and Its Impact on Western Thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazir Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
