The A Global View of the Social Drivers and Consequences of Coercive Sexual Acts and Victimization of Inmates in Prisons
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Over the past two decades (2004–2025), the international community has increasingly emphasised the importance of treating all persons with dignity, including awaiting-trial inmates or convicts serving prison terms within the criminal justice system. Despite this emphasis, the rising incidences of coercive sexual acts and victimization of inmates in prisons and correctional facilities worldwide remain a major concern for policymakers, scholars and professionals. This article presents a global view of the social drivers and consequences of coercive sexual acts and sexual inmate victimization in global prison systems. Drawing on secondary sources and existing literature within the framework of routine activity theory, the discussion highlights the drivers and consequences of these practices. Findings from the review reveal that the deprivation of sexual desires among inmates and prison officials, alongside the lack of strict enforcement of prison curfews, significantly contributes to coercive sexual activities and victimization of inmates. These acts lead to serious consequences, including the spread of sexually transmitted infections and long-term psychological trauma among victims. The article stresses the urgent need for policymakers to strengthen prison laws and regulations that criminalize and deter both officials and inmates from engaging in coercive sexual practices. It further argues that lasting change requires stricter enforcement of prison regulations, consistent monitoring of correctional environments, and the prosecution of offenders to serve as deterrence. Addressing these challenges is essential for promoting safer correctional facilities, protecting inmate dignity, and ensuring prisons fulfil their rehabilitative and corrective roles in society.
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