Behavioral Approach Towards Islamic Finance inPakistan: A Preliminary Investigation

Keywords: Ethical Decision, Empathic Concern, Islamic finance, behavior intuition

Abstract

Abstract Views: 0

Islamic financial practices emphasize on the instillation of Islamic laws in the practices that are considered ethical in this world. The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors of Islamic banking promotion among Pakistani educated community. Demographic factors, attitude and financial recommendation items were examined to determine the influence of these factors in promoting ethical financial instruments. The paper follows quantitative research in nature. It explored more than two theories. After a conceptual analysis of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and theory of planned behavior, this paper investigates the impact of ethical behavior towards the selection of Islamic financial products and services in Pakistan. The descriptive and inferential techniques were used on 194 respondents of Pakistan. There are some positive and significant relationships between behavior intuition and promotion of Islamic products and services. To trigger a specific financial sector of an economy, managers in the Islamic banks should account best individual outcome on ethical decision, rule-based ethical decisions in which the rational approach is not adopted. This study implies that promotion of financial services is achieved when there is improvement in awareness about ethical financial products and services.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abduh, M., Duasa, J., & Omar, M. A. (2011). Factors influencing depositors’ withdrawal behavior in Islamic banks: A theory of reasoned action. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 60, 2074–2079.

Aguinis, H., Ramani, R. S., & Cascio, W. F. (2020). Methodological practices in international business research: An after-action review of challenges and solutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(9), 1593–1608. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00353-7

Ahmad, A., & Bashir, R. (2014). An investigation of customers’ awareness level and customers’ service utilization decision in Islamic banking. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 59–74.

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control (pp. 11–39). Springer.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Prentice Hall.

Ali, H., Zainuddin, A., Rashid, W. E. W., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Customer satisfaction in Malaysian Islamic banking. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 1(1), 197–202.

Ali, M., Raza, S. A., & Puah, C.-H. (2017). Factors affecting the selection of Islamic credit cards in Pakistan: The TRA model. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8, 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2015-0043

Alserhan, B. A. (2017). The principles of Islamic marketing. Routledge.

Ames, D. R., Flynn, F. J., & Weber, E. U. (2004). It’s the thought that counts: On perceiving how helpers decide to lend a hand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 461–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203261890

Amin, H. (2012). Patronage factors of Malaysian local customers toward Islamic credit cards. Management Research Review, 35, 512–530. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211238271

Amin, H., Ghazali, M., & Supinah, R. (2010). Determinants of Qardhul Hassan financing acceptance among Malaysian bank customers: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Business and Society, 11, 1–16.

Amin, H., Rahman, A. R. A., & Razak, D. A. (2014). Consumer acceptance of Islamic home financing. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 7, 307–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-12-2012-0063

Amin, H., Rahman, A. R. A., Sondoh, L. S. Jr, & Hwa, A. M. C. (2011). Determinants of customers’ intention to use Islamic personal financing: The case of Malaysian Islamic banks. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 2, 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590811111129490

Amin, M., & Isa, Z. (2008). An examination of the relationship between service quality perception and customer satisfaction: A SEM approach towards Malaysian Islamic banking. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 1, 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538390810901131

Arham, M. (2010). Islamic perspectives on marketing. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 1, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831011055888

Asutay, M. (2007). A political economy approach to Islamic economics: Systemic understanding for an alternative economic system. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1, 3–18.

Bakar, A., Lee, R., & Hazarina Hashim, N. (2013a). Parsing religiosity, guilt and materialism on consumer ethics. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4, 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-04-2012-0018

Bakar, A., Lee, R., & Rungie, C. (2013b). The effects of religious symbols in product packaging on Muslim consumer responses. Australasian Marketing Journal, 21, 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.07.002

Bendapudi, N., Singh, S. N., & Bendapudi, V. (1996). Enhancing helping behavior: An integrative framework for promotion planning. Journal of Marketing, 60, 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000303

Bennett, R. (2003). Factors underlying the inclination to donate to particular types of charity. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8, 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.198

Billah, M. (2021). The socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown on the economy of Bangladesh: An analysis. Journal of Contemporary Business and Islamic Finance, 1(1), 58–66.

Chang, M. K. (1998). Predicting unethical behavior: A comparison of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 17, 1825–1834. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005721401993

Clarke, R., & Aram, J. (1997). Universal values, behavioral ethics and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 561–572. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017945805125

Conover, W. J., & Iman, R. L. (1981). Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. The American Statistician, 35, 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1981.10479327

Cutler, B. D. (1992). Religion and marketing: Important research area or a footnote in the literature? Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 8, 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1300/J090v08n01_12

De Cremer, D., & Tenbrunsel, A. E. (2012). Behavioral business ethics: Shaping an emerging field. Routledge.

Dubinsky, A. J., & Loken, B. (1989). Analyzing ethical decision making in marketing. Journal of Business Research, 19, 83–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(89)90001-5

Dusuki, A. W., & Abdullah, N. I. (2007). Why do Malaysian customers patronise Islamic banks? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 25, 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320710739850

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.

Echchabi, A., & Aziz, H. A. (2012). Empirical investigation of customers’ perception and adoption towards Islamic banking services in Morocco. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 12, 849–858.

Echchabi, A., & Olaniyi, O. N. (2012). Using theory of reasoned action to model the patronisation behaviour of Islamic banks’ customers in Malaysia. Research Journal of Business Management, 6, 70–82. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195514

Faulkner, L. (2003). Beyond the five-user assumption: Benefits of increased sample sizes in usability testing. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 379–383. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195514

Fazio, R. H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 204–243). Guilford Press.

Fisher, R. J., & Ackerman, D. (1998). The effects of recognition and group need on volunteerism: A social norm perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 262–275. https://doi.org/10.1086/209538

Fünfgeld, B., & Wang, M. (2009). Attitudes and behaviour in everyday finance: Evidence from Switzerland. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27, 108–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320910935607

Gintis, H. (2006). Behavioral ethics meets natural justice. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 5, 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470594X06060617

Grais, W., & Rajhi, W. (2015). Islamic finance, contagion effects, spillovers and monetary policy. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 6, 208–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2012-0079

Haque, A. (2010). Islamic banking in Malaysia: A study of attitudinal differences of Malaysian customers. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 18, 7–18.

Hausenblas, H. A., Carron, A. V., & Mack, D. E. (1997). Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.1.36

Hoque, M. E., Nik Hashim, N. M. H., & Azmi, M. H. B. (2018). Moderating effects of marketing communication and financial consideration on customer attitude and intention to purchase Islamic banking products: A conceptual framework. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9, 799–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2017-0005

Ismaeel, M., & Blaim, K. (2012). Toward applied Islamic business ethics: Responsible halal business. Journal of Management Development, 31, 1090–1100. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711211281889

Jimoh, A., Attah, J. A., Bamigbade, D. D., & Abdurraheem, A. A. (2022). Effects of credit, liquidity, and operational risks on efficiency of Islamic banks in Africa. Journal of Contemporary Business and Islamic Finance, 2(2), 135–152.

Kamil, M., & Kasri, R. (2021). Motivation for charitable act: A case study of cash waqf during pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Business and Islamic Finance, 1(1), 32–49.

Khraim, H. (2010). Measuring religiosity in consumer research from an Islamic perspective. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 26, 52–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/10264116201000003

Lada, S., Tanakinjal, G. H., & Amin, H. (2009). Predicting intention to choose halal products using theory of reasoned action. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538390910946276

Liu, R. Y., Parelius, J. M., & Singh, K. (1999). Multivariate analysis by data depth: Descriptive statistics, graphics and inference (with discussion and a rejoinder by Liu and Singh). The Annals of Statistics, 27, 783–858. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1018031260

Mahmood, R. (2009). Islamic governance, capital structure, and equity finance: Examining the possibilities of American financial Sharīʿah boards. International Journal of Legal Information, 37, 29–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0731126500003437

Mansor, N., & Che-Mat, A. (2009). Islamic credit card: Are demographic factors a good indicator? Asian Social Science, 5, 17–26.

Meghraoui, M. A., & Mokhtari, K. (2021). Factors delaying Islamic banking in Algeria. International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 6(1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMB.2021.117595

Mintzberg, H. (1973). The nature of managerial work. HarperCollins.

Nasri, W., & Charfeddine, L. (2012). Factors affecting the adoption of Internet banking in Tunisia: An integration theory of acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2012.03.001

Nawaz, H. (2019). An investigation into factors that determine the growth rate in Islamic banking and finance. Future Business Journal, 5(1), Article e1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-019-0003-7

Nawaz, H. (2020). Growth performance of Islamic finance industry: Comparison between Pakistan and Malaysia (Publication no. 28031332) [Doctoral dissertation, Al-Madinah International University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Nawaz, H., & Bardai, B. (2017). Perceptions and acceptance of Islamic banking in Pakistan. International Sciences of Management Journal, 2, 1–14.

Nawaz, H., Bardai, B., & Alkhawlani, M. (2018). The mediating effect of products and services on growth rate of Malaysian Islamic financial system. Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 39(1), 109–142

Nishisato, S. (2006). Multidimensional nonlinear descriptive analysis. Chapman and Hall/CRC.

Norušis, M. J. (2006). SPSS 14.0 guide to data analysis. Prentice Hall.

Othman, A., & Owen, L. (2001). Adopting and measuring customer service quality (SQ) in Islamic banks: A case study in Kuwait Finance House. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, 3, 1–26.

Qadeer, M. (2006). Pakistan: Social and cultural transformations in a Muslim nation. Routledge.

Randall, D. M., & Gibson, A. M. (1991). Ethical decision making in the medical profession: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 10, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383614

Saini, Y., Bick, G., & Abdulla, L. (2011). Consumer awareness and usage of Islamic banking products in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 14, 298–313.

Salman, A., Nawaz, H., Bukhari, S. M. H., & Baker, A. (2018). Growth analysis of Islamic banking in Pakistan: A qualitative approach. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 22, 1–8.

Sandıkçı, Ö. (2011). Researching Islamic marketing: Past and future perspectives. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831111164778

Sargeant, A. (1999). Charitable giving: Towards a model of donor behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 215–238. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725799784870351

Sekaran, U. (2000). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Shafie, S., Azmi, W. N. W., & Haron, S. (2004). Adopting and measuring customer service quality in Islamic banks. Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 1, 1–12.

Shih, Y.-Y., & Fang, K. (2004). The use of a decomposed theory of planned behavior to study Internet banking in Taiwan. Internet Research, 14, 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240410542643

Siddiqui, A. A. (2013). Islamic banking industry: Growing amid challenges. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 30, 13–18.

Sonenshein, S. (2007). The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking–intuition model. Academy of Management Review, 32, 1022–1040. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26585677

Steenhaut, S., & Van Kenhove, P. (2006). The mediating role of anticipated guilt in consumers’ ethical decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9090-9

Street, M. D., Douglas, S. C., Geiger, S. W., & Martinko, M. J. (2001). The impact of cognitive expenditure on the ethical decision-making process: The cognitive elaboration model. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 256–277. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2957

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (International ed.). Pearson.

Tenbrunsel, A. E., & Smith-Crowe, K. (2008). Ethical decision making: Where we’ve been and where we’re going. The Academy of Management Annals, 2, 545–607. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211677

Terragni, L., & Kjærnes, U. (2005). Ethical consumption in Norway: Why is it so low? In M. Boström, A. Føllesdal, M. Klintman, M. Micheletti & M. P. Sørensen (Eds.), Political consumerism: Its motivations, power, and conditions in the Nordic countries and elsewhere (pp. 471–486). Norden.

Webb, D. J., Green, C. L., & Brashear, T. G. (2000). Development and validation of scales to measure attitudes influencing monetary donations to charitable organizations. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300282010

Weber, E. U., & Lindemann, P. G. (2007). From intuition to analysis: Making decisions with our head, our heart, or by the book. In H. Plessner, C. Betsch, & T. Betsch (Eds.), Intuition in judgment and decision making (pp. 191–208). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wilson, J. A. (2012). The new wave of transformational Islamic marketing: Reflections and definitions. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3, 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211225436

Xiao, J. J. (2008). Applying behavior theories to financial behavior. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of consumer finance research. Springer.

Yousafzai, S. Y., Foxall, G. R., & Pallister, J. G. (2010). Explaining internet banking behavior: Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, or technology acceptance model? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40, 1172–1202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00615.x

Zinser, B. A. (2019). Retail Islamic banking and financial services: Determinants of use by Muslims in the USA. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2017-0074

Published
2025-12-01
How to Cite
Nawaz, H., & Nawaz, S. (2025). Behavioral Approach Towards Islamic Finance inPakistan: A Preliminary Investigation. Islamic Banking and Finance Review, 12(2), 61-84. https://doi.org/10.32350/ibfr.122.03
Section
Articles