Role of GraphDB in FinTech, Blockchain Ledgers

  • Hassan Kaleem 9 Frances Street, Crewe, England
  • Sundas Rukhsar 9 Frances Street, Crewe, England
  • Waqar Ahmad Electronic Government Authority RAK, UAE
  • Hafiz Ali Haris Communication & Works Department, GOP, Pakistan
Keywords: GraphDB in FinTech, Neo4j, Hashing & Indexing, Query Processing, Transaction Management, Data Management, Data Distribution

Abstract

Abstract Views: 37

GrpahDB stores data in nodes and edges, nodes represent entities and edges represents the relationship between entities. The role of GraphDB in the blockchain is described as blockchain uses blocks and these blocks are connected through hashcode to store the data. In cipher language, hash is the irreversible conversion of data which makes it impossible to decrypt. Blockchain also uses proof of work system, in which data is entered only if maximum people allows verifies it. And once anything entered into ledger, it cannot be altered or deleted. The paper has provided how hashing & indexing, query processing, transaction management, data management and data distribution is done for GraphDB into ledger, with previously done work and libraries to build and manage GraphDB blockchain.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

H. Stevens, “Hans Peter Luhn and the birth of the hashing algorithm,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 44-49, Feb. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2018.8278136

Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system," Decen. Bus. Rev., Art. no. 21260,” 2008.

Neo4j, “The graph data platform for today's intelligent applications,” Neo4j. https://neo4j.com/ (accessed Jan. 23, 2022).

M. A. Rodriguez and P. Neubauer, “Constructions from dots and lines,” Bull. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 35–41, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bult.2010.1720360610

M. Shkoukani and A. M. Altamimi, “Graph Database Security: Blockchain Solution and Open Challenges,” Int. J. Simul.-Sys. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, no.1, pp. 1-7, 2020, doi: [1] H. Stevens, “Hans Peter Luhn and the birth of the hashing algorithm,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 44-49, Feb. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2018.8278136

Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system," Decen. Bus. Rev., Art. no. 21260,” 2008.

Neo4j, “The graph data platform for today's intelligent applications,” Neo4j. https://neo4j.com/ (accessed Jan. 23, 2022).

M. A. Rodriguez and P. Neubauer, “Constructions from dots and lines,” Bull. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 35–41, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bult.2010.1720360610

M. Shkoukani and A. M. Altamimi, “Graph Database Security: Blockchain Solution and Open Challenges,” Int. J. Simul.-Sys. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, no.1, pp. 1-7, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.5013/IJSSST.a.21.01.09

V. Buterin, "Ethereum white paper," GitHub Repos., no. 1, pp. 22-23, 2013.

AWS, “What is hyperledger fabric?,” AWS. https://www.ibm.com/topics/hyperledger (accessed Jan. 23, 2022).

S. Medhi and H. K. Baruah, “Relational database and graph database: A comparative analysis,” J. Process Manag. New Technol., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.5937/jouproman5-13553

A. Martínez Porras, R. A. Mora Rodríguez, D. Alvarado González, G. López Herrera, and S. Quirós Barrantes, “A Comparison between a relational database and a graph database in the context of a Personalized Cancer Treatment Application,” Alberto Mendelzon Int. Workshop Found. Data Manag., vol. 1644, 2016.

H. Huang and Z. Dong, "Research on architecture and query performance based on distributed graph database Neo4j," in 2013 3rd Int. Conf. Consumer Elec. Commun. Net., Nov. 2013, pp. 533-536.

R. Angles, "A comparison of current graph database modelsm," in 2012 IEEE 28th Int. Conf. Data Eng. Workshops, pp. 171-177, April 1-5, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDEW.2012.31

Y. Tang et al., “Graph database-based knowledge graph storage and query for power equipment management,” in 2020 12th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power Energy Eng. Conf. (APPEEC), Sep. 2020, pp. 1–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC48164.2020.9220382

Blockchain, “Blocks-size,” Blockchain.com. https://www.blockchain.com/el/charts/blocks-size (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

J. Pokorný, M. Valenta, and J. Ramba, “Graph Patterns Indexes: their Storage and Retrieval,” in Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Inf. Integ. Web-based Appl. Serv., New York, USA, Nov. 2018, pp. 221–225. doi: https://doi.oeg/10.1145/3282373.3282374

J. Pokorný and M. Troup, "Indexing Patterns in Graph Databases," in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Data Sci. Technol. Appli., 2018, pp. 313-321, doi: https://doi.org/10.5220/0006826903130321

P. E. O’Neil, “TheSB-tree an index-sequential structure for high-performance sequential access,” Acta Inform., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 241–265, Mar. 1992, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01185680

S. A. T. Mpinda, L. C. Ferreira, M. X. Ribeiro, and M. T. P. Santos, “Evaluation of graph databases performance through indexing techniques,” Int. J. Artif. Intell. Appl., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 87–98, Sep. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.5121/ijaia.2015.6506

D. Yuan and P. Mitra, "Lindex: A lattice-based index for graph databases," VLDB J. vol. 22, pp. 229–252, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-012-0284-8

S. Srinivasa, "Data, storage and index models for graph databases," in Graph data management: techniques and applications, S. Sakr, E. Pardede, Eds., India, IGI Global, 2012, pp. 47-70, doi: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-053-8.ch003

X. Yan and J. Han, "Graph Indexing," in Managing and mining graph data. Advances in database systems, C. Aggarwal and H. Wang, Eds., Boston, MA, Springer, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6045-0_5

H. Dinari, “A Survey on Graph Queries Processing: Techniques and Methods,” Int. J. Comput. Netw. Inf. Secur., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 48–56, Apr. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2017.04.06

M. Needham and A. E. Hodler, Graph Algorithms: Practical Examples in Apache Spark and Neo4j. USA: O’Reilly Media, 2019.

O. Panzarino, Learning Cypher. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing Ltd, 2014.

SAP HANA loud, "In-Memory Database,” SAP. https://www.sap.com/products/hana.html (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

Redis, “Fast graph processing powered by linear algebra and matrix multiplication,” redis.com.

https://redis.com/modules/redis-graph/ (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

OpenCypher, "What is openCypher?,” Opersypher.org. http://opencypher.org/ (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

G. Walker, “How to import the bitcoin blockchain into Neo4j [Community Post],” Neo4j Graph Data Platform. https://neo4j.com/blog/import-bitcoin-blockchain-neo4j/ (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

V. Buterin and V. Griffith, “Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget,” ArXiv171009437 Cs, Jan. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437

Neo4j, “Transaction management - Java Reference,” Neo4j Graph Database Platform. https://neo4j.com/docs/java-reference/4.4/transaction-management/ (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

R. H. Kaleem, "RaoHassanKaleem/Transaction-Management-of-GraphDB-in-Blockchain-Java-Code," Github. https://github.com/RaoHassanKaleem/Transaction-Management-of-GraphDB-in-Blockchain-Java-Code (accessed Feb. 13, 2022).

Neo4j, "About Neo4j documentation," Neo4j. https://github.com/neo4j/neo4j-documentation/blob/68a550e7890a9f5328ff2ec4191cb764c57b0500/kernel/src/test/java/examples/DeadlockDocTest.java (accessed Feb. 14, 2022).

Neo4j, “Interface TransactionEventListener," Neo4j. https://neo4j.com/docs/java-reference/4.4/javadocs/org/neo4j/graphdb/event/TransactionEventListener.html (accessed Feb. 14, 2022).

Mongodb, “Blockchains, ledgers, and databases: A guide to navigate the confusion,” MongoDB. https://www.mongodb.com/collateral/blockchains-ledgers-and-databases-a-guide-to-navigate-the-confusion (accessed Feb. 14, 2022).

R. Wattenhofer, The science of the blockchain, Inverted Forest Publishing, 2016.

IDC, “Blockchain — A data management, integration, and integrity disruptor?,” IDC: The premier global marketintelligence company. https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=US42074217 (accessed Feb. 14, 2022).

DLACM, “Graph Chain – A distributed database with explicit semantics and chained rdf graphs,” DLACM Digital Library. https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3184558.3191554

Neo4j, “Neo4j going distributed with graph database,” Neo4j Graph Data Platform. https://neo4j.com/news/neo4j-going-distributed-with-graph-database/ (accessed Feb. 20, 2022).

Published
2023-03-14
How to Cite
Kaleem, H., Rukhsar, S., Ahmad, W., & Haris, H. A. (2023). Role of GraphDB in FinTech, Blockchain Ledgers. UMT Artificial Intelligence Review, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.32350/Umtair.21.003
Section
Articles