Improving Leadership Decision-Making (LDM) through Knowledge Management (KM) in Public Sector (PS) of Pakistan
Abstract

The current study aimed to identify the existing leadership decision-making (LDM) in the public sector (PS) of Pakistan along with its role, barriers, constraints, and issues. Thereafter, the study attempted to examine the application of knowledge management (KM) principles and techniques for the augmentation of LDM to enhance the overall efficacy of PS. The study was qualitative in nature and comprised rigorous literature review and examination of archival records of PS in Pakistan. Additionally, it also analyzed the personal insights and reflections from the PS of Pakistan. The findings revealed that the field is in embryonic stage and requires extensive research in qualitative as well as quantitative domain. There is even a lack of basic awareness pertaining to KM and its subfields encompassing tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and phronesis. However, the growth of private sector and the role of key decisions taken by the leadership in shaping their sustainable success is a prime lesson to be learnt by the PS in terms of adoption of KM for better decision-making (DM). Moreover, the study also focused on the development of a model by modifying an existing DM organizational model presented in 2017. However, generalizability could be an issue, since this study was conducted based on the personal reflections of the researcher. Additionally, empirical validation, quantitative, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and case study researches may b conducted to evaluate the implications of the study. PS is considered as a non-profit organizational setup. There is a wide gap between public and private sector due to the difference in the role played by both. However, a number of practices can be adopted interchangeably to improve and enhance the existing capabilities which in case of PS include governance, compliance, and citizen satisfaction. The current study provided theoretical insights into how KM models, themes, and practices can be applied for the improvement of DM in the PS. The model presented was novel and an addition to the existing body of knowledge.
Downloads
References
Abubakar, A. M., Elrehail, H., Alatailat, M. A., & Elçi, A. (2017). Knowledge management, decision-making style and organizational performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 4(2), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.07.003
Adams, F. G., & Graham, K. W. (2017). Integration, knowledge creation and B2B governance: The role of resource hierarchies in financial performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 63, 179–191. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.10.009
Ali, H., Amin, K., & Khattak, S. R. (2021). Enhancing knowledge management effectiveness through transformational leadership and organizational culture: Evidence from educational institutions of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(3), 27–37.
Antonakis, J., & Day, D. V. (2018). Leadership: Past, present, and future. In J. Antonakis & D. V. Day (Eds.), The nature of leadership. Sage Publications.
Bass, B. M., & Stogdill, R. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster.
Behling, O., Gifford, W. E., & Tolliver, J. M. (1980). Effects of grouping information on decision making under risk. Decision Sciences, 11(2), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1980.tb01138.x
Bennis, W.G. (1959). Leadership theory and administrative behavior: The problem of authority. Ardent Media.
Blackman, D., Kennedy, M., Burford, S., & Ferguson, S. (2013). Introduction to the special symposium on knowledge management and public administration: Good bedfellows or potential sparring partners. International Journal of Public Administration, 36(3), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2012.749276
Brix, J. (2017). Exploring knowledge creation processes as a source of organizational learning: A longitudinal case study of a public innovation project. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 33(2), 113–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2017.05.001
Busari, A. H., Khan, S. N., Abdullah, S. M., & Mughal, Y. H. (2020). Transformational leadership style, followership, and factors of employees' reactions towards organizational change. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 14(2), 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-03-2018-0083
Chen, C. C. (1999). Technology use and its impact, and digital library developments in the Asian Pacific Region: Looking at the flowers from the horseback [Paper presentation]. NIT '99: International Conference on new Information Technology. Taipei, Taiwan. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14193986
Chong, S. C., Salleh, K., Ahmad, S. N. S., & Sharifuddin, S. I. S. O. (2011). KM implementation in a public sector organization: An empirical investigation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(3), 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111137457
Constancon, S. (2021, March 16). The genius 10 quotient model. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/genius-10-quotient-model-sharon-constançon-/
Darrenkbourke. (2022, Feburary 3). Understanding BQ – Body intelligence. https://darrenkbourke.com/blog/2022/2/3/understanding-bq-body-intelligence
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press.
Duffy, J. (2000). Something funny is happening on the way to knowledge management. Information Management Journal, 34(4), 64–67.
Du Plessis, M. (2007). The role of knowledge management in innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(4), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270710762684
Duweh, B. (2013). How can government organizations use Web 2.0? [Master's thesis, University of Agder]. UiA Univeristy of Agder. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/136185
Elmasry, M. O., & Bakri, N. (2019). Behaviors of transformational leadership in promoting good governance at the Palestinian public sector. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 8, 1–12.
Ejimabo, N. O. (2015). The influence of decision making in organizational leadership and management activities. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management, 4(2), Article e1000138 https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-026X.1000138
Gardner, W. L., Lowe, K. B., Meuser, J. D., Noghani, F., Gullifor, D. P., & Cogliser, C. C. (2020). The leadership trilogy: A review of the third decade of leadership quarterly. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), Article e101379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.
Hall, R., & Andriani, P. (2003). Managing knowledge associated with innovation. Journal of Business Research, 56(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00287-9
Harren, V. A. (1979). A model of career decision making for college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90065-4
Hendryadi, Suratna, Suryani, & Purwanto, B. (2019). Bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, affective commitment, and knowledge sharing behavior in Indonesian government public services. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1) Article e1680099 https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1680099
Hickman, L., & Akdere, M. (2018). Effective leadership development in information technology: Building transformational and emergent leaders. Industrial and Commercial Training, 50(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-06-2017-0039
Hoai, T. T., Hung, B. Q., & Nguyen, N. P. (2022). The impact of internal control systems on the intensity of innovation and organizational performance of public sector organizations in Vietnam: The moderating role of transformational leadership. Heliyon, 8(2), Article e08954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08954
Janovac, T., Orlandic M., & Vukcevic, M. (2023). Evaluation of the key factors of effective leadership in the process of implementing public sector reforms of the Republic of Serbia. Administratie Si Management Public, (40), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.24818/amp/2023.40-02
Kassa, E. T., & Ning, J. (2023). A systematic review on the roles of knowledge management in public sectors: Synthesis and way forwards. Heliyon, 9(11), Article e22293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22293
Management Study Guide. (2013). Understanding organization and organization culture. http://www.managementstudyguide.com/organization-culture.htm
Marino, M. J. (2020). Fast Knowledge: Innovating in Homeland Security by Learning in Near Real-Time for High-Threat Events [Doctoral dissertation, Naval Postgraduate School]. Defense Technical Information Center. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1126510
Martinsons, M. G., Davison, R. M., & Huang, Q. (2017). Strategic knowledge management failures in small professional service firms in China. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijinfomgt.2017.04.003
Mattiske, C. (2022, June 6). Everything you need to know about the human quotients. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/everything-you-need-know-human-quotients-catherine-mattiske/
Molines, M., El Akremi, A., Storme, M., & Celik, P. (2020). Beyond the tipping point: The curvilinear relationships of transformational leadership, leader–member exchange, and emotional exhaustion in the French police. Public Management Review, 24(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1795231
Mora, C., & Ticlau, T. (2012). Transformational leadership in the public sector. A pilot study using MLQ to evaluate leadership style in Cluj county local authorities. Revista De Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 36, 74–98.
Nicolini, D., Powell, J., & Conville, P. (2008). Managing knowledge in the UK health sector: State of the art and future perspectives. International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(3), 245–263.
Nonaka I., & Takeuchi H. (1995). The knowledge creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press.
Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
Park, S., Lee, D. S., & Son, J. (2021). Regulatory reform in the era of new technological development: The role of organizational factors in the public sector. Regulation & Governance, 15(3), 894–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12339
Pee, L. G., & Kankanhalli, A. (2015). Interactions among factors influencing knowledge management in public-sector organizations: A resource-based view. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 188–199. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.06.002
Probst, G., Romhardt, K., & Raub, S. (2000). Managing knowledge: Building blocks for success. Wiley Publicaitons.
Pyle, B. S., & Cangemi, J. (2019). Organizational Change in Law Enforcement: Community Oriented Policing as Transformational Leadership. Organization Development Journal, 37(4), 81–90.
Rafique, G. M., & Anwar, M. A. (2019). Barriers to knowledge sharing among medical students in Pakistan. Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 19(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15323269.2019.1628566
Ratcliffe, J., & Ratcliffe, L. (2015). Anticipatory leadership and strategic foresight: Five 'linked literacies'. Journal of Futures Studies, 20(1), 1–18.
Salleh, K., Chong, S. C., Ahmad, S. N. S. & Ikhsan, S. O. S. S. (2012). Learning and knowledge transfer performance among public sector accountants: An empirical survey. Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 10(2), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2011.46
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005017
Seiler, S., & Pfister, A. C. (2009). "Why did I do this?": Understanding leadership behavior through a dynamic five-factor model of leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 3(3), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.20122
Shamim, S., Cang, S., & Yu, H. (2017). Supervisory orientation, employee goal orientation, and knowledge management among front line hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 62, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.11.013
Tuan, L. T. (2017). Reform in public organizations: The roles of ambidextrous leadership and moderating mechanisms. Public Management Review, 19(4), 518–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2016.1195438
Vila, L. E., Cabrer, B., & Pavia, J. M. (2015). On the relationship between knowledge creation and economic performance. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(4), 539–556. http://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.876687
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Abdus Salam, Naveed Ul Haq

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.