Impact of Governance and State Fragility Determinants on State Legitimacy in Emerging Asian Economies
Abstract
Abstract Views: 107
The current study aims to examine the determinants of state legitimacy with reference to the whistle-blowing practice to safeguard public well-being. State legitimacy is the dependent variable, while corruption, voice and
accountability, political stability, fragile state index, and external intervention are independent variables. Data for the current study was collected from a sample of 25 Asian countries for the period 2009-2018.
Both static and dynamic models of the two-step system GMM were used for estimation. The findings of the two-step GMM model showed that external intervention negatively impacts state legitimacy in Asian economies. In contrast, corruption control measures and political stabilityhave a significant positive impact on state legitimacy. Furthermore, malpractices and corruption practices in public institutions hammered have an adverse effect. The study concludes that good governance is useful in public administration to gain public trust and confidence. However, due to ineffective governance practices and a lack of accountability, the public is
reluctant to say something against wrongdoers. The current study suggests the need for an accountability environment in developing countries to develop transparency. Furthermore, whistle-blowing behaviour is directly linked towards building public confidence in government and its policies if it is implemented effectively.
Downloads
References
Abbas, H. S. M., Qaisar, Z. H., Xu, X., & Sun, C. (2021). Nexus of E-government, cybersecurity and corruption on public service (PSS) sustainability in Asian economies using fixed-effect and random forest algorithm. Online Information Review.
Allison, P. D. (n.d.). Fixed Effects Regression Methods In SAS®. SUGI 31: Statistics and Data Analysis.
Andy McKay, E. T. (2019). The anatomy of fragile states in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Understanding the interrelationship between fragility and indicators of well-being. Review of Development Economy, 23, 1073-1100. doi:10.1111/rode.12578
Arellano, S. B. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 277-297.
Asmus Leth Olsen, L. T. (2017, January/February). Behavioral Public Administration: Combining Insights from Public Administration and Psychology. (R. O'Leary, Ed.) Public Administration Review, 77(1), 45-56. doi:DOI: 10.1111/puar.12609
Audrey S. Paterson, F. C. (2019, August 31). Accounting control, governance, and anti-corruption initiatives in the public sector organization. The British Accounting Review, 51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100844
Bart Meuleman, S. J. (2015). We Need to Compare, but How? Measurement Equivalence in Comparative Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 36-48.
Brabeck, M. (1984). "Ethical Characteristics of Whistle Blowers.". Journal of Research in Personality, 18:1: 41-53.
Caillier, J. G. (2017). An examination of the role whistle-blowing education plays in the whistle-blowing process. The Social Science Journal, (54): 4-12.
Coralie Pring, J. V. (2019). GLOBAL CORRUPTION BAROMETER LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 2019 : CITIZENS' VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF CORRUPTION. Berlin: Transparency International. Retrieved from https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_barometer_latin_america_and_the_caribbean_2019
Daniel Kaufmann, A. K. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. The World Bank. Retrieved from http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/Home/Documents#doc-intro
de Fine Licht, J. (2014). Policy Area as a Potential Moderator of Transparency Effects: An Experiment. Public Administration Review, 74(3), 361-371.
Derick W. Brinkerhoff, A. W. (2015). Gauging the Effects of Social Accountability on Services, Governance, and Citizen Empowerment. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 274-286. doi:10.1111/puar.12399
Dunfee, T. W. (1990). To encourage or to repress? Corporate Policy and Whistle Blowing. In B. &. G.Enderle (Ed.), People in Corporations-Ethical responsibilities and corporate effectiveness (pp. 129-138). New York: Springer.
Elliston, F. e. (1985). Whistleblowing Research:Methodological and Moral issues. New York Praeger.
Francesco Angelini, G. C. (2019). Governance efficiency with and without government. Social Choice and Welfare, 18. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-019-01217-2
Gary R. Rothwell, J. N. (2007). Ethical Climate Theory, Whistle-blowing, and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies in the State of Georgia. Journal of Business Ethics, 70:341-361.
Gene A. Brewer, S. C. (1998). Whistle-Blowers in the Federal Civil Service:New Evidence of the Public Service Ethics. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (J-PART), 8 (413-439).
Glazer, M. P. (1987). Pathways to Resistance: An Ethical Odyssey in Government and Industry." in M. Lewis and J. L. Miller (eds.). Research in Social Problems and Public Policy, (4) 193-219.
Hansen, L. (1982). Large sample properties of GMM estimators. Econometrica, 1029-1054.
Heungsik Park, J. B. (2009). Whistle-blowing as Planned Behavior–A Survey of South Korean Police Officers. Journal of Business Ethics, 85: 545-556.
Howell, L. D. (2014, July/August). Evaluating Political Risk Forecasting Models: What Works? Thunderbird International Business Review, 56(4), 305-316. doi:10.1002/tie.21635
Hutcheson, L. M. (2011). Ordinary Least-Squares Regression. The SAGE Dictionary of Quantitative Management Research, 224-228.
International, T. (2019). Corruption Perceptions Index 2018. Germany: www.Transperancy.org/cpi2018.
J.J. MESSNER, N. H. (2018). The Fragile State Index 2018-Annual Report. Geneva: Fund for Peace. Retrieved from https://fundforpeace.org/category/publications-and-reports/
Jens Ledet Jensen, P. B. (2019). A Comparative Distributional Method for Public Administration Illustrated Using Public Budget Data. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 460-473. doi:10.1093/jopart/muy056
Jos, T. H. (1989). "In Praise of Difficult People: A Portrait of the Committed Whistle-blower.". Public Administration Review, 49:6:552-61.
Jreisat, J. E. (2005, March/April). Comparative Public Administration Is Back In, Prudently. Public Administration Review, 65(2), 231-241.
Jreisat, J. E. (2011, November/December). Commentary - Comparative Public Administration: A Global Perspective. Public Administration Review, 834-838.
Jutamanee Trakulmututa, D. B. (2013, July). Factors Affecting the Achievement of Good Governance in HRM: The Empirical Study of Local Governments in Southern Part of Thailand. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(7), 6.
Khamfula, Y. (2007). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth of F.P. and I.S. countries: The Role of Corruption. (T. Authors, Ed.) The World Economy, 1843-1854. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01055.x
Marcia P. Miceli, J. P. (1991). Who Blows the Whistle and Why? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45(1):113-30.
Marcia P. Miceli, J. P. (2008). Whistle-Blowing in Organizations. New York: Routledge.
Markus Tepe, C. (2018). Are Future Bureaucrats More Risk-Averse? The Effect of Studying Public Administration and PSM on Risk Preferences . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 182-196. doi:doi:10.1093/jopart/muy007
Matthias Fluckiger, M. L. (2018, August 23). Ebola and State Legitimacy. The Economic Journal, 45. doi:doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12638
Mauricio Jara, F. L.-I.-M. (2018). Corporate governance in Latin American firms: Contestability of control and firm value. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 22, 257 - 274. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2018.10.005
Mcloughlin, C. (2015). When Does Service Delivery Improve the Legitimacy of a Fragile or Conflict-Affected State? Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 28(3), 341-356. doi:doi:10.1111/gove.12091
Mehdi Nekhili, A. A. (2019). Gender-diverse boards and audit fees: What difference does gender quota legislation make? Journal of Business Finance & Accounting. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12409
Micel, J. P. (1985). Organizational Dissidence: The Case of Whistle-Blowing* . Journal of Business Ethics, (4): 1-16.
Moberly, R. E. (2006). Sarbanes-Oxley's Structural Model to Encourage Corporate Whistle-blowers. Brigham Young University Law Review, 1107-1176.
Mucollari, O. (2018). Anti-corruption strategies versus public services and good governance in Albania. Jindal Global Law Review, 9 (1) : 93-107. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s41020-018-0062-6
Near, M. P. (2002). What Makes Whistle-Blowers Effective? Three Field Studies. Human Relations, 55 (4) : 455-479. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726702055004463
OSENI, I. O. (2016). Exchange rate volatility and private consumption in Sub-Saharan African countries: A system-GMM dynamic panel analysis. Future Business Journal, 103-115. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2016.05.004
Ozkan, A. O. (2004). Corporate cash holdings: an empirical investigation of U.K. companies. Journal of Banking and Finance, 2103 - 2134. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2003.08.003
Philip E. Tetlock, O. V. (2000). The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, Forbidden Base Rates, and Heretical Counterfactuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(5), 853-870. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.5.853
Pittroff, E. (2014). Whistle-Blowing Systems and Legitimacy Theory: A Study of the Motivation to Implement Whistle-Blowing Systems in German Organization. Journal of Business Ethics (Published by Springer), 124:399-412.
Rothstein, B. (2015). The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, Vol. 28, No. 4. Retrieved from doi:10.1111/gove.12128
SIMPLICE A. ASONGU, J. C. (2016). Law, Politics, and the Quality of Government in Africa. Policy & Politics, 44(5), 916-944. doi:10.1111/polp.12171
Soto, M. (2009, July 15). System GMM estimation with a small sample. Working Paper nº 395, p. 28. doi:http://www.iae.csic.es/investigatorsMaterial/a111411124703archivoPdf29632.pdf
Subhan Ullah, P. A. (2017). Dealing with endogeneity bias: The generalized method of moments (GMM) for panel data. Industrial Marketing Management, 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.11.010
Sweeney, P. T. (2013). The Influence of Subjective Norms on Whistle-Blowing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 437-451. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23327332
Tahir M. Nisar, G. P. (2019). Whistle-blowing:When do employees act to 'blow the whistle'? Organizational Dynamics, (48), 44-49.
Terracol, M. (2019). BUILDING ON THE EU DIRECTIVE FOR WHISTLE-BLOWER PROTECTION. Berlin, Germany: Transparency International.
Tim Glawion, L. d. (2018). Handle with Care! A Qualitative Comparison of the Fragile States Index's Bottom Three Countries: Central African Republic, Somalia, and South Sudan. Development and Change, 50(2), 277-300. doi:10.1111/dech.12417
UNDP. (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators, 2018. Washington DC, USA: UNDP www.hdr.undp.org.
Wu, X. (2005). Corporate Governance and Corruption: A Cross‐Country Analysis. Governance : An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 18(2), 151-170. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2005.00271.x
Zhang, R. (2007). OLS Regression? Auto-Regression? Dynamic Regression? A Practical Modeling Example in the Financial Industry. Data Mining and Predictive Modeling, 12. Retrieved from https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings/proceedings/forum2007/080-2007.pdf
