The Lanao Sultanate Today: Its Adat Laws and Islamic Law on Fornication with Special Reference to the Islamic Perspectives of al-Māwardī

Sohayle  M. Hadji Abdul Racman; Hassan  Shakeel Shah; Mohammad  Ayaz

doi:10.32350/jitc.111.17

Sohayle M. Hadji Abdul Racman Mindanao State University, Main Campus, Marawi, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-343X
Hassan Shakeel Shah Department of Islamic Thought and Civilization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-3486
Mohammad Ayaz Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology, Lahore https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-0980

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.111.17

Keywords: Adat laws; fornication; Lanao Sultanate; m’babaya ko taritib; pagawid; pagawidan

Abstract

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The Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao is the archaic name of the four states of Lanao. These four states are Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Baloi which are collectively called the confederate states of Lanao, known as the Lanao Sultanate. This Sultanate was founded by the Lanao chieftains when they seceded Lanao from the Magindanao Sultanate in the 17th century which still exists today. This Sultanate had the traditional laws i.e. Adat laws and Islamic laws. Its political structure consists of traditional leaders and the forty-three sultans who ruled the pagawidan (supported) states and pagawid (supporting) states. Fifteen of these sultans were the executive bodies of the fifteen royal houses of the Lanao Sultanate, while twenty-eight of these sultans were called m’babaya ko taritib who were the legislative bodies and governors of the twenty-eight supporting states of Lanao Sultanate. Today, the Lanao Sultanate operates like the sultanates in Malaysia and Indonesia. Studies specifically dealing from the Sunni Islamic perspective on punishment for Zina (fornication) of the Lanao Sultanate are not represented in literature. This explains why there is a huge research gap on the Sunni Islamic perspective on punishment for fornication in the said sultanate. To fill in this research gap, this paper will explore in-depth the practices of the Royal Court of the said sultanate on punishment for fornication. The findings will be cross-referred to the Qur’ān and Ḥadīth injunctions on punishment for fornication; as well as on al-Māwardī’s Islamic perspectives on punishment for Zina.

Keywords: Adat laws, Fornication, Lanao Sultanate, M’babaya ko taritib, Pagawid, Pagawidan

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