Possession of Zakāt and Contemporary Outlook: A Review

Keywords: headings of Zakāt, possession of Zakāt, recipients of Zakāt, self-supporting society, Zakāt

Abstract

Abstract Views: 51

Zakāt is the basis of Islamic revenue collection. It aims to create a self-supporting society where everyone can fulfill their basic necessities. This study examines the most significant aspect of Zakāt, that is, the issue of its possession or tamlīk. In the Holy Quran, the obligation of Zakāt is described briefly but the headings of Zakāt are mentioned. Indeed, regarding the headings of Zakāt, there are divergent viewpoints on the subject “possession of Zakāt. This is a hotly debated issue among jurisprudents and contemporary scholars who are divided into four distinct groups based on their opinions: (1) Possession of Zakāt is required for all eight headings of Zakāt, (2) According to Imam Malik, the first four headings of Zakāt and the last heading of Zakāt have the condition of possession, while the remaining three do not, (3) According to contemporary scholars, possession of Zakāt is necessary for the first four headings of Zakāt. However, Zakāt would be spent on welfare projects based on the last four headings of Zakāt, and (4) Imam Quffal said that the possession of Zakāt is not a condition for all headings of Zakāt. Article concludes that Jamhūr (majority of) Ulama's viewpoint is more acceptable and accurate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul Qadir, Muhammad bin Abu Bakr (1415). Mukhtar as-Sihah. Beirut: Maktaba Labnan.
Adil, Akhtar Imam Maulana (1428), which means and Importance of Quranic Headings of Zakat. India: Dar-ul-Uloom.
Al-Aimadi, Abu Saud Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Mustafa (2008). Tafsīr Abī al-Suʻūd. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath Al’Arabi.
Al-Bukhāri, Muhammad bin Ismail Bukhari (1987). Sahih Al Bukhari. Cairo: Dār Āl-Sahib.
Al-Baghdadi, Muhammad bin Ibrahim (1415). Tafseer Khazin. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Al-Damashqi, Siraj al-Din, Umar bin Ali (1419). Al-Lubab Fi 'Ulum Al-Kitab. Beirut, Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Al-Haskafi, M. A. B. A. (1386). Al-Durr al-Mukhtar Sharh Tanwir al-Absar. Beirut: Dar ul Fikr.
Al-Isfhani, Al-Raghib, Abu al-Qasim al-Hussain ibn Muhammad A. Q. R. (1412). Al-Mufardat fi Gharib al-Qur’an. Beirut, Dar al-Qalam.
Al-Jurjani, Ali bin Muhammad (1405). Kitab al-Ta`rifat. Beirut:  Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī.
Al-Kharshī, Muḥammad Ibn‘Abd Allāh. (1317), Mukhtaṣar, Egypt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá a Amīrīyah.
Al-Kasani, Abu Bakr bin Masoud bin Ahmad (1986). Al-Bada’i al-Sana’i. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya.
Al-Mawardi, A. B. M. (1414). Al-Hawi al-kabir fi-fiqh madhhab al- Imam al-Shafi'i. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Al-Maidāni, Abdul Ghani bin Talib (1993). Al-Lubāb. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Al-Maraghi, Sheikh Muhammad Mustafa (1946). Tafseer-e-Maraghi, Egypt, Mutafa Al-Babi.
Al-Mousali, Abdullah bin Mahmood, Al-Hanafi (1426). Al-Ikhtiyar Lit’alil al-Mukhtar. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub alʿIlmīya.
Al-Muqaddasī, Muhammad bin Muflah (2003). Kitāb al-Furū'. Beirut: Mussat al-Risalah.
Al-Nawawī, Yahya bin Sharaf al-Shafi’i (1418). Kitab al-Majmu. Beirut: Idara-Taba’at al-Maniriyyah.
Al-Nasāʾī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb (1986). Sunan An-Nisa'i, Halb: Maktab Al Maktobah Al Islamiyah.
Al-Qasṭallānī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr (1323). Irshād al-Sarī fī Sharḥ al-Bukhārī. Egypt: Al-Matba’b Al-Amira.
Al-Qaradāwī, Sheikh. Muhammad Yusuf, Al-Qaradawi (1418). Fiqh Āl Zakāt. Beirut: Dār Āl Irshād.
Al-Razī, Fakhr ud Din (1420). Mufatih ul-Ghayb. Beirut: Dar ul Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Al-Siwasi, Muhammad bin Abdul Wahid (1436). Sharah Fathul Qadeer. Beirut: Dar ul Fikr.
Ash-Shawkani, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah (2000). As-sayl al-jarrar al-mutaraffiq 'ala hada-iq al-azhar – shawkani. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm.
Al-Suyuti, Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (1403). Kitāb al-Ashbāh wa-l-Naẓāʾir, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tibrani, Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad ibn Ayyūb (1415). Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir. Cairo: Maktaba Ibn-e-Taimiīya.
Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad bin Eisa (2000). Sunan al-Tirmidhi. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath Al’Arabi.
Al-Zuhāili, Wahbat al-Zuhaili, Dr. (2018). Al Fiqh Ul Islami Waadillatuhu. Beirut: Dar Ul Fikr.
Al-Zila'i, Fakhr-ud-Din Uthman bin Ali (1413). Tabyin al-haqa'iq Sharh kanz al-daqa'iq. Cairo: Āl-Mutabat Āl-Kubra Āl-Amiri.
Al-Zamakshari, Mahmood bin Umar (1407). Tafsir e Kashshaf. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi.
Ibn-e-ʿArabī, Muhammad Ibn Abdullah al-Ashbili al-Maliki (1428). Al Masālik. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī.
Ibn-e-Adil, U. B. A. (2010). Tafseer-e- Lubab. Beirut, Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Ibn-e- Hajar, Asqalani, Ahmad bin Ali (1379). Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Darul Ma'rifah.
Ibn-e-Taymiyyah, Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām (1987). Al Fatawa Al Kubra. Beirut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Ibn-e-Qudāmah, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh (1405). Al-Mughnī. Beirut: Dar Ul Fikr.
Ibn-e-Manzoor, Muhammad Bin Mukram (2000). Lisān al-ʿArab. Quetta: School of Ashrafiyya.
Ibn-e-Nujaym, Zain al-Din (1411). Al-Asybah wa al-Nazhair. Beirut: Darul Ma'rifah.
Islahi, Amin Ahsan, Maulana (2009). Tafseer-e- Tadabbar Al Quran, Lahore, Faran Foundation.
Kandhalvi, Muhammad Idris (1422). Ma'arif al-Qur'an. Sindh: Maktabat al-Ma'arif, Dar Uloom Al-Husainiyya Shahdadpur.
Mas`ud, Jubran (2005). Al-Ra'id. Beirut: Dār Al 'Ilm.
Manzoor Al-Hasan, Dr. (2001). The Condition of Tamlik on Zakat. Lahore: Al-Mawrad Institute of Knowledge and Research.
Muneeb ur Rehman Mufti (2015). Zakat. Karachi: Maktaba Naimiya.
Nawab, Siddiq Hasan Khan (1414). Fath ul-Bayan fi Maqasid il-Qur’an. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-'Asriya.
Nadwi, Sulaiman, Syed (2002). Seerat al-Nabi. Lahore: Institute of Islamiat.
Nizam Uddin, Hasan bin Muhammad bin Hussain (1996). Gharaib Ul Quran. Beirut, Dār Al-Kutub Al-'IImiyyah.
Qasmi, Atiq Ahmad, Maulana (2001). Zakat and the Problem of Tamlik. Karachi: Idarat al-Qur’an.
Rahmani, Khalid Saif Ullah (2010), Dictionary of Fiqh. Karachi: ZamZam Publications.
Rasheed Raza, Sayyad (1990). Tafsir al-Manar.  Egypt: Al-Hai'a Al-Masriya Al-Amma lil Kitab.
Shāh Walīullāh, Ahmad bin Abdul Rahim (1992). Hujjatullah-il-Balighah. Beirut: Ihya al-Uloom.
Sherazi, Ayatollah Nasser Makaram (1387), Tafseer-e-Namona, Tehran, Dār Āl Kutub Āl Islamia.
Shaltut, Sheikh Mahmood (1991). Al- Fatawa, Cairo, Dar Al Shuruq.
The group of authors: (1992). The Encyclopedia of Fiqh, Kuwait: Ministry of Endowments.
Usmani, Mufti Taqi. (2012). Fatawa Usmani, Karachi: Maktaba Maarif Al Quran.
Published
2023-06-20
How to Cite
Nor, Mohd Roslan Mohd, Hafiz Atif Iqbal, and Muhammad Akram Hureri. 2023. “Possession of Zakāt and Contemporary Outlook: A Review”. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 13 (1), 293-307. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.131.20.