Analysing Umrah Attributes in Relation to Tourist Travel Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review of Religious Destinations and Future Perspectives

Amran Harun; Naveed  Ahmad; Yuary  Farradia; Zuhal Hussein

doi:10.32350/jitc.142.06

Amran Harun Department of Business, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-8134
Naveed Ahmad Faculty of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Bahawalpur Sub-Campus, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-3757
Yuary Farradia School of Postgraduate, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7691-3891
Zuhal Hussein Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-3801

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.142.06

Keywords: religious destination, systematic literature review, tourist travel behavior, Umrah attributes

Abstract

Abstract Views: 0

The study of Umrah religious tourism often focuses on understanding factors influencing Umrah travel behaviors. Despite the attention given to Umrah travel behavior, comprehensive reviews on this topic remain scarce. This is particularly evident with recent developments in the religious tourism industry. To address this research gap, the current study investigates Umrah travelers' behavior and highlights research gaps to guide researchers in developing their future studies on Umrah religious tourism. This study provides a holistic and comprehensive understanding of Umrah attributes related to tourist travel behavior. It achieves this by: 1) Identifying distribution by year, the journals' geographic distribution of publications, data analysis techniques, methodology, and theories used. 2) Proposing future research directions. 3) Offering practical guidelines for management and marketing. This systematic literature review analyzed 20 Scopus and WOS articles from 2013 to 2023. It examined attributes influencing Umrah travel behaviors and categorized these into seven key themes: personal, destination image, demographics, psychological factors, travel accommodation, experiences, and perceived risks. The findings emphasize the need for deeper exploration of the connections between Umrah attributes and travel behavior. Policymakers and destination managers can take targeted actions to improve the pilgrimage experience.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abalkhail, Asma Abdulaziz Abdullah., and Sumiah Mashraf Abdullah Al Amri. “Saudi Arabia’s Management of the Hajj Season through Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 14, no. 21 (2022): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114142.

Abd Rahman, Wan Farahiyah Izni W., and Haniff Ahamat. “Legal Protection of Malaysia Umrah Pilgrims.” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 5 (2019): 397–404. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E1057.0585C19.

Ahmad, Naveed, and Amran Harun. “Reasons for Tourist Intention to Use E-Bike Sharing Services; an Application Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT).” Tourism Review 79, no. 9 (2023): 1542–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2023-0165.

Ahmad, Naveed., Amran Harun, Hafiz Muhammad, Usman Khizar, and Junaid Khalid. “Drivers and Barriers of Travel Behaviors during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic : A Systematic Literature Review and Future Agenda,” (2022): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2022-0023.

Ahmad, Sumera., Suraya Miskon, Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal, and Iskander Tlili. “Modeling of Business Intelligence Systems Using the Potential Determinants and Theories with the Lens of Individual, Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Contexts-a Systematic Literature Review.” Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): e3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093208.

Alhothali, Ghada Talat., Islam Elgammal, and Felix T. Mavondo. “Religious Servicescape: Does Convenience Matter for Revisit Intentions and Positive Word of Mouth?” International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–12.

—. “Religious Servicescape and Intention to Revisit: Potential Mediators and Moderators.” Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 26, no. 3 (2021): 308–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1862885.

Alhothali, Ghada Talat., Felix Mavondo, and Islam Elgammal. “Sustainability of Religious Travel and Tourism: A Profile Deviation Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14, no. 6 (2023): 1551–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2021-0312.

Alkhawaldeh, Abdelbaset M. “Religious Tourism Post-Covid-19 in the Context of Muslim Countries: Destination Image, Perceived Value, Intention To Revisit Makkah and Health Risk As Moderator.” Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 43, no. 3 (2022): 858–65. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43303-897.

Almuhrzi, Hamed Mohammed., and Abdulaziz Mohammed Alsawafi. “Muslim Perspectives on Spiritual and Religious Travel beyond Hajj: Toward Understanding Motivations for Umrah Travel in Oman.” Tourism Management Perspectives 24 (2017): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.016.

Alshammari, Sultanah M., Waleed K. Almutiry, Harsha Gwalani, Saeed M. Algarni, and Kawther Saeedi. “Measuring the Impact of Suspending Umrah, a Global Mass Gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory 30, (2021): 267–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-021-09343-y.

Arham, M. Nur., Syaparuddin Razak, Hukmiah Husain, and Arifin Sahaka. “Observing Umrah Worshipping Commitment with EMAI Model (Expectation, Motivation, Attitude, and Intention) among Middle-Class Muslims through Religiosity.” Review of Islamic Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (2024): 145–66. https://doi.org/10.17509/RIEF.V7I1.67098.

Azmi, Ezwani., Mashita Abdul Jabar, Dayana Nor Azhar, Rina Syahirah Rosli, and Muhammad Nuruddin Zanki Armas. “COVID-19: Exploring Pilgrims’ Travel Risks Perception.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021). 93–107. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i10/10912.

Bashir, Haamid., Rouf Ahmad Beigh, Rumysa, et al. “Experience of Umrah Trip to Saudi Arabia from Kashmir India: Model Study on Management and Facilities to Pilgrims by Custodian of Holy Mosques Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Tourism & Hospitality 6, no. 6 (2017): e328. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0269.1000328

Elgammal, Islam., Ghada Talat Alhothali, and Annarita Sorrentino. “Segmenting Umrah Performers Based on Outcomes Behaviors: A Cluster Analysis Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 14, no. 3 (2023): 871–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0004.

Falcocchio, John C., Louis J Pignataro, and Edmund J Cantilli. “Modal Choices And Travel Attributes Of Inner-City Poor,” Transportation Research Record 403, (1972): 6–17.

Finatri, Ifah., Maat Pono, and Jusni Jusni. “Effect Covid-19: Loyalty of Prospective Umrah Pilgrims to Umrah and Hajj Travel Companies.” Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy 2, no. 3 (2020): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v2i3.353.

Gannon, Martin Joseph., Ian W. F Baxter, Elaine Collinson et al. “Travelling for Umrah: Destination Attributes, Destination Image, and Post-Travel Intentions.” Service Industries Journal 37, no. 7–8 (2017): 448–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1333601.

Ghapa, Norhasliza. “Consumer Protecton Measures for Umrah Package Travellers in Malaysia.” PalArch`s Journal Of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17, no. 4 (2020): 274–89.

Hassan, Siti Hasnah., Siti Rohaida Mohamed Zainal, and Osman Mohamed. “Determinants of Destination Knowledge Acquisition in Religious Tourism: Perspective of Umrah Travelers.” International Journal of Marketing Studies 7, no. 3 (2015): e84. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n3p84.

Hassan, Siti Hasnah., Thurasamy Ramayah, and Muhammad Imran Qureshi. “Elucidating Well-Being Measurement from the Wellness Perspective of Religious Travelers.” World 4, no. 1 (2023): 171–84. https://doi.org/10.3390/world4010012.

Hassan, Tahani., Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Orly Carvache-Franco, and Wilmer Carvache-Franco. “Sociodemographic Relationships of Motivations, Satisfaction, and Loyalty in Religious Tourism: A Study of the Pilgrimage to the City Mecca.” PLoS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283720.

Hassan, Thowayeb H., and Amany E. Salem. “The Importance of Safety and Security Measures at Sharm El Sheikh Airport and Their Impact on Travel Decisions after Restarting Aviation during the Covid-19 Outbreak.” Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): e5216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095216.

Heidari, Ali., Hamid Reza Yazdani, Fatemeh Saghafi, and Mohammad Reza Jalilvand. “Developing Strategic Relationships for Religious Tourism Businesses: A Systematic Literature Review.” EuroMed Journal of Management 2, no. 1 (2017): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1504/emjm.2017.084273.

Ibrahim, Siti Sara., Muhammad Azlan Shah Badar, and Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah. “Acceptance of New Travel Norms Among Potential Umrah and Hajj Pilgrims: An Empirical Investigation.” International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage 10, no. 3 (2022): 90–106. https://doi.org/10.21427/ahvd-mg49.

Ilias, Nur Shaliyana., Mohd Azraie Mohd Azmi, and Khairul Nizam Mat Nor. Development of Mobile Applications for Monitoring and Managing Hajj and Umrah Pilgrimage. Advanced Structured Materials. Vol. 162. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92964-0_23.

Jamaludin, M, A Aziz., and M Mariapan. “Millennial Travelers Decision Making Influenced Through User-Generated Contents and Psychological Attributes on Destination Loyalty to A Tropical Island.” Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 3, no. 8 (2018): 44–55.

Janjua, Zain ul Abedin., Gengeswari Krishnapillai, and Mobashar Rahman. “A Systematic Literature Review of Rural Homestays and Sustainability in Tourism.” SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (2021): 21582440211007117. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211007117.

Kayal, Ghadeer. “The Personas and Motivation of Religious Tourists and Their Impact on Intentions to Visit Religious Sites in Saudi Arabia.” International Journal of Tourism Cities 9, no. 1 (2023): 201–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-04-2022-0092.

Khizar, Hafiz Muhammad Usman., Ayesha Khan Tareen, Hana Mohelska, Farrah Arif, Jalal Rajeh Hanaysha, and Uroosa Akhtar. “Bad Bosses and Despotism at Workplace: A Systematic Review of the Despotic Leadership Literature.” Heliyon 9, no. 9 (2023): e19535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19535.

Khizar, Hafiz Muhammad Usman., Muhammad Jawad Iqbal, and Muhammad Imran Rasheed. “Business Orientation and Sustainable Development: A Systematic Review of Sustainability Orientation Literature and Future Research Avenues.” Sustainable Development 29, no. 5 (2021): 1001–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2190.

Kim, Bona., Seongseop Kim, and Brian King. “Religious Tourism Studies: Evolution, Progress, and Future Prospects.” Tourism Recreation Research 45, no. 2 (2020): 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1664084.

Kim, Jong Hyeong., Yisan Wang, and Hanqun Song. “Understanding the Causes of Negative Tourism Experiences.” Current Issues in Tourism 24, no. 3 (2021): 304–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1711711.

Levy, Shalom, and Yaniv Gvili. “Online Shopper Engagement in Price Negotiation: The Roles of Culture, Involvement and EWOM.” International Journal of Advertising 39, no. 2 (2020): 232–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1612621.

Lochrie, Sean., Ian W.F. Baxter, Elaine Collinson, et al. “Self-Expression and Play: Can Religious Tourism Be Hedonistic?” Tourism Recreation Research 44, no. 1 (2019): 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1545825.

Lukoseviciute, Goda., Luís Nobre Pereira, and Thomas Panagopoulos. “The Economic Impact of Recreational Trails: A Systematic Literature Review.” Journal of Ecotourism 21, no. 4 (2022): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2030745.

McKercher, Bob. “A Citation Analysis of Tourism Scholars.” Tourism Management 29, no. 6 (2008): 1226–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.03.003.

Mengist, Wondimagegn., Teshome Soromessa, and Gudina Legese. “Method for Conducting Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis for Environmental Science Research.” MethodsX 7 (2020): e100777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.100777.

Mittal, Rajkumari., and Parul Sinha. “Framework for a Resilient Religious Tourism Supply Chain for Mitigating Post-Pandemic Risk.” International Hospitality Review 36, no. 2 (2022): 322–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-09-2020-0053.

Shaffril, Hayrol Azril Mohamed., Samsul Farid Samsuddin, and Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah. “The ABC of Systematic Literature Review: The Basic Methodological Guidance for Beginners.” Quality and Quantity 55, no. 4 (2021): 1319–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11135-020-01059-6.

Moher, David., Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, and Douglas G. Altman. “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement.” BMJ (Online) 339, no. 7716 (2009): 332–36. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535.

Muslim, Aini Khalida., and Amran Harun, “Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Malaysian Umrah Tourism : Implication of Social Media Application Among Umrah Consumers and Umrah Travel Agents” RES Militaris 13, no. 1 (2023): 3908–20.

Nandasena, Roshini., Alastair M. Morrison, and J. Andres Coca-Stefaniak. “Transformational Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda.” Journal of Tourism Futures 8, no. 3 (2022): 282–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2022-0038.

Nanggong, Ardiwansyah., Putra Reski Hiola, and Syaiful Pakaya. “The Experience and Religiosity toward Tourist Satisfaction: The Case of Umrah Pilgrimage.” Journal of Indonesian Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 5, no. 2 (2022): 209–18.

Nassar, Mohamed A., Mohamed M. Mostafa, and Yvette Reisinger. “Factors Influencing Travel to Islamic Destinations: An Empirical Analysis of Kuwaiti Nationals.” International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research 9, no. 1 (2015): 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-10-2014-0088.

Nugraha, Yudha Dwi., and Yulia Arisnani Widyaningsih. “The Moderating Role of Gender and Religiosity on the EMA Model: An Indonesian Muslim Pilgrim Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 13, no. 6 (2022): 1201–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2020-0076/FULL/HTML.

Othman, Bestoon Abdulmaged., Amran Harun, Wirya Najm Rashid, Safdar Nazeer, Abdul Wahid Mohd Kassim, and Kadhim Ghaffar Kadhim. “The Influences of Service Marketing Mix on Customer Loyalty towards Umrah Travel Agents: Evidence from Malaysia.” Management Science Letters 9, no. 6 (2019): 865–76. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.002.

Pertheban, Sivakumar., Ganthan Narayana Samy, and Bharanidharan Shanmugam. “A Systematic Literature Review: Information Accuracy Practices in Tourism.” Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism 21, no. 1 (2020): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2018.1563016.

Pickering, Catherine, and Jason Byrne. “The Benefits of Publishing Systematic Quantitative Literature Reviews for PhD Candidates and Other Early-Career Researchers.” Higher Education Research and Development 33, no. 3 (2014): 534–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651.

Prebensen, Nina K., Eunju Woo, Joseph S. Chen, and Muzaffer Uysal. “Experience Quality in the Different Phases of a Tourist Vacation: A Case of Northern Norway.” Tourism Analysis 17, no. 5 (2012): 617–27. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212X13485873913921.

Ragavan, Neethiahnanthan Ari, Hema Subramonian, and Saeed Pahlevan Sharif. “Tourists’ Perceptions of Destination Travel Attributes: An Application to International Tourists to Kuala Lumpur.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 144 (2014): 403–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.309.

Rahayu, Siti., and Sugeng Hariadi, “Experiential Pilgrim’s Influence On The Intention To Travel Umrah,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research 8, no. 7 (2019): 138–53.

Rahmadian, Eko., Daniel Feitosa, and Andrej Zwitter. “A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Big Data for Sustainable Tourism.” Current Issues in Tourism 25 no. 11, (2022): 1711–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1974358

Rybina, Liza. “Understanding Religious Traveling from Central Asia to Saudi Arabia Using Cluster Analysis.” Journal of Applied Sciences Research 14, no. 6 (2018): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.22587/jasr.2018.14.6.2.

Shafaei, Fatemeh, and Badaruddin Mohamed. “Involvement and Brand Equity: A Conceptual Model for Muslim Tourists.” International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research 9, no. 1 (2015): 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2014-0050.

Tobaiqy, Mansour., Ahmed H. Alhasan, Manal M. Shams, et al. “Assessment of Preventative Measures Practice among Umrah Pilgrims in Saudi Arabia, 1440h-2019.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010257.

Wahab, Norailis Ab., Nursilah Ahmad, and Kamaruzaman Jusoff. “The Roles of Socio-Economic Characteristics in Satisfying Repeat Umrah Visitors.” Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 13, (2013): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1876.

Whittemore, Robin., and Kathleen Knafl. “The Integrative Review: Updated Methodology.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 52, no. 5 (2005): 546–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2648.2005.03621.X.

Wu, Cedric Hsi Jui, and Ali Mursid. “Loyalty Motivations for Religious Tourism: Indonesian Muslim Travelers Umrah Participating in Umrah Pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.” Tourism Review 75, no. 2 (2020): 466–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2018-0155.

Yaqub, Rana Muhammad Shahid., Bilal Arshad, Muhammad Awais Javeed, and Hassan Mujataba Nawaz Saleem. “Oliver’s Four Stage Loyalty Model to Access the Impact of Umrah Services: Evidence from Umrah Travelling Agencies Operating in Pakistan.” Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (2023): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v9i1.2537.

Yuliani, Weni., Syafrizal Syafrizal, and Sari Lenggogeni. “Loyalty Model In Umrah Religious Tourism Travel and Factors That Influence It (Study on Ajwa Tours Indonesia).” EScience Humanity Journal 4, no. 2 (2024): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.37296/ESCI.V4I2.135.

Zaltman, Gerald., and Robin Higie Coulter. “Seeing the Voice of the Consumer: Metaphor-Based Advertising Research.” Jounal of Adertising Research 35, no. 4 (1995): 35–51.

Zhang, Hongmei., Yan Wu, and Dimitrios Buhalis. “A Model of Perceived Image, Memorable Tourism Experiences and Revisit Intention.” Journal of Destination Marketing and Management 8, (2018): 326–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004.