Philosophy of the Indic and Sufi Thought in the Islamic World - An Analysis of the Commonalities on the Ground of Spiritual and Religious Thought
Keywords:
Indic, Sufi, Islamic World, Spiritual thoughts and Religious Ideas
Abstract
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This research investigates the subject of the dialogue between the Indic and Sufi philosophies in the Muslim world and common theological and metaphysical backgrounds of the two traditions. Both Indic and Sufi traditions are based on the denial of the physical world, the sanctity of an individual and the achievement of the state of unity. The research is focused on the ontological side of the two traditions and their views on spirituality; non-dualism in Vedanta and tawhid in Sufism, their views on self, worship and the way to the divine. The study also captures the historical and cultural interaction that made it possible for the two traditions to touch each other intellectually and spiritually with special focus on the spread of Islam in South Asia. By analyzing these similarities this research conclude that Indic and Sufi philosophies offer two different ways of understanding the divine, human being and salvation. This comparative study helps readers to understand some of the syncretistic traditions that are part of the religious experience of the Islamic world and to better appreciate the complex patterns of religions of the world.
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References
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Bugti NA and Khan FR, ‘Doctrine of Fana and Baqa of Sufism in Shafaks The Forty Rules of Love: A Content Analysis’ [2019] Global Language Review IV, no. I (June 2019) 28
CHOPRA MRM, A STUDY OF RELIGIONS (Anuradha Prakashan 2022)
Dickson WR, ‘Sufism and Shari ‘a: Contextualizing Contemporary Sufi Expressions’ (2022) 13 Religions 449
Dutta U, ‘Sufi and Bhakti Performers and Followers at the Margins of the Global South: Communication Strategies to Negotiate Situated Adversities’ (2019) 10 Religions 206
Efendi E, Gazali G and Putri EW, ‘Western Sufism: A Study on Historical and Models of Sufism in the West’ (2022) 6 Jurnal Fuaduna: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 163
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——, ‘Sufism and Philosophy in the Mughal-Safavid Era: Shāh Walī Allāh and the End of Selfhood’ [2022] Islamic Thought and the Art of Translation 323
Gaind-Krishnan S, ‘Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora’ (2020) 11 Religions 685
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Kumar R, ‘The Quest of Kabir: Conscience as Poetry in Pre-Modern India’ (Master’s Thesis, İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü 2021)
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Mukhopadhyay A, ‘Sufi Poet and Author Syed Liaqath Peeran Is a Man of Achievement’ (2024) 37 Poetcrit 27
Nagappa SP and Anbazhagan R, ‘The Yoga Ladder in Indian Philosophical Systems: Progressive Yoga Practices in the Bhagavad Gita’
Nakissa A, ‘Comparing Moralities in the Abrahamic and Indic Religions Using Cognitive Science: Kindness, Peace, and Love versus Justice, Violence, and Hate’ (2023) 14 Religions 203
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reza Afroogh1PhD M, reza Khajegir2PhD A and Fahim1PhD M, ‘The Influence of Philosophical Upanishads’ Considerations on the Principles of Vedanta’
Riaz H and others, ‘Key Factors for Implementation of Total Quality Management in Construction Sector: A System Dynamics Approach’ (2023) 14 Ain Shams Engineering Journal 101903
Safvi R, In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India (Hachette India 2022)
Setiawan C, Maulani M and Busro B, ‘Sufism as the Core of Islam: A Review of Imam Junayd al-Baghdadi’s Concept of Tasawwuf’ (2020) 9 Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism 171
Shahpesandy H, ‘The “Nafs”(Self), As Outlined By Early Philosophers and Sufi Mystics of Afghanistan and Iran’ (2020) 18 Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora 75
Sharma P, ‘Contributions and Influences of Adishankaracharya on Sanatana Dharma and Indian Culture’ (2021) 11 Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 314
Singh K and Saxena G, Religious and Spiritual Practices in India: A Positive Psychological Perspective (Springer Nature 2023)
Singh S and Gaur ID, Sufism in Punjab: Mystics, Literature and Shrines (Taylor & Francis 2023)
‘Śrīmad Bhagavad Gītā and Knowledge Management with Special Focus on Jñāna Yoga’, in Chandan Medatwal, Management, Change, Strategy and Positive Leadership (Springer International Publishing 2019)
Srinivasan R and Aithal PS, ‘Unravelling the Depths of Sanatana Dharma: Exploring the Eternal Principles of Hinduism’ (2023) 2 International Journal of Philosophy and Languages (IJPL) 12
Stepien RK, ‘Interreligious Relations with No Self: A Mystical Path to Omnilogue?’ (2021) 31 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 721
Sujatha K and Harilakshmeendrakumar CR, ‘JNANA AND VIJNANA AS VEDIC KNOWLEDGE APPLICABLE TO PRACTICAL LIFE’
‘The Quest for “Medieval Mysticism” and Vaiṣṇava Vedānta: The Tagore-Sen-Underhill Circle, and the Chicago Moment of Mahanambrata Brahmachari’, in Soumen Mukherjee, Religion, Mysticism, and Transcultural Entanglements in Modern South Asia (Springer Nature Switzerland 2024)
Thumma TKR and Sezer M, ‘THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE QUR’AN AND VEDA SCRIPTURES, AND AN EVALUATION OF THESE SIMILARITIES FROM APhilosophical POINT OF VIEW’
Umashankar RR, ‘Horseshoes on the Fire: The Praxis of Movement and Journey in the Poetry of Sufi Islam’ (2022) 54 Religion & Literature 73
Valmiki A, ‘Is Ethical Religion Possible?’ (2024) 18 Journal of Philosophical Investigations 147
Vishwanathan KV, Inside Out: A Philosophical Enquiry of Hindu Dharma (Notion Press 2020)
Zickriya KA, ‘Understanding Human Soul: Islamic Perspective’ (PhD Thesis, Goa University 2022)
Zsom D, A Lover of God: The Ecstatic Sufi Nūrī (State University of New York Press 2024)
Aquil R, Lovers of God: Sufism and the Politics of Islam in Medieval India (Routledge 2020)
Asher CB, ‘Water: Its Meanings and Powers in the Indian Sufi Tradition’, Water Histories of South Asia (Routledge India 2019)
Assadi M, Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims (Taylor & Francis 2023)
Babloo RP, Religious Debates in Indian Philosophy (KK Publications 2014)
Bartley C, Indian Philosophy AZ (Edinburgh University Press 2020)
Bazaz A, The Negative Theology of Nund Rishi: Poetry and Politics in Medieval Kashmir (Cambridge University Press 2024)
‘Beauty, Wonder, and Sustainability: Reconnecting Humans to Nature for “Durable Harmony”’, in Bidisha Mallik, Ecology and Ethics (Springer International Publishing 2022)
Beck GL, ‘Shared Religious Soundscapes: Indian Rāga Music in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Devotion in South Asia’ (2023) 14 Religions 1406
Beyad MS and Vafa M, ‘Transcending Self-Consciousness: Imagination, Unity and Self-Dissolution in the English Romantic and Sufis Epistemology’ (2021) 4 International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 08
Budhwani NN and McLean GN, ‘The Roles of Sufi Teachings in Social Movements: An HRD Perspective’ (2019) 21 Advances in Developing Human Resources 205
Bugti NA and Khan FR, ‘Doctrine of Fana and Baqa of Sufism in Shafaks The Forty Rules of Love: A Content Analysis’ [2019] Global Language Review IV, no. I (June 2019) 28
CHOPRA MRM, A STUDY OF RELIGIONS (Anuradha Prakashan 2022)
Dickson WR, ‘Sufism and Shari ‘a: Contextualizing Contemporary Sufi Expressions’ (2022) 13 Religions 449
Dutta U, ‘Sufi and Bhakti Performers and Followers at the Margins of the Global South: Communication Strategies to Negotiate Situated Adversities’ (2019) 10 Religions 206
Efendi E, Gazali G and Putri EW, ‘Western Sufism: A Study on Historical and Models of Sufism in the West’ (2022) 6 Jurnal Fuaduna: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 163
——, ‘Western Sufism: A Study on Historical and Models of Sufism in the West’ (2022) 6 Jurnal Fuaduna: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan pg.29
Faruque MU, ‘Eternity Made Temporal: Ashraf ʿAlī Thānavī, a Twentieth-Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought’ (2021) 9 Journal of Sufi Studies pg.89
——, ‘Sufism and Philosophy in the Mughal-Safavid Era: Shāh Walī Allāh and the End of Selfhood’ [2022] Islamic Thought and the Art of Translation 323
Gaind-Krishnan S, ‘Qawwali Routes: Notes on a Sufi Music’s Transformation in Diaspora’ (2020) 11 Religions 685
Gaur ID, Historiography| Cosmography: A Monograph in Honour of Professor Harjeet Singh Gill (Taylor & Francis 2023)
Islam M and Exchange C-C, ‘Sufism East and West’
Jabeen R and Talib T, ‘A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUFI THOUGHTS OF SHAH FAKHRUDDIN DEHLVI AND SHAH WALIULLAH DEHLVI’ (2023) 20 PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 1498
Karnawat DR, ‘RELEVANCE OF VEDIC CONCEPTS IN THE PRESENT SCENARIO’ (2022) 9
Koirala KP and Ghimire S, ‘Science Embedded Vedic Philosophy and Educational Implications’ (2023) 2 Shanti Journal 84
Kumar M, Between Muslim P? R and Hindu Saint: Laldas and the Devotional Culture in North India (Cambridge University Press 2024)
Kumar R, ‘The Quest of Kabir: Conscience as Poetry in Pre-Modern India’ (Master’s Thesis, İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü 2021)
Küng H, ‘Advance Praise for Multi-Religious Perspectives on a Global Ethic’
Lindquist SE, ‘“Transcending the World” in World Literature: The Upanishads’ [2020] A Companion to World Literature 1
Malhotra A and Murphy A, Bhai Vir Singh (1872–1957): Religious and Literary Modernities in Colonial and Post-Colonial Indian Punjab (Taylor & Francis 2023)
Malik J and Zarrabi-Zadeh S, Sufism East and West: Mystical Islam and Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Modern World (BRILL 2019)
Mehfooz M and Saffat U, ‘Ṣūfī Thoughts of Ashraf ʿAlī Thānvī: A Reflection on Its Practical Relevance to the Present Era’ (2024) 3 Al-Lauh 143
MIR JA and GN K, ‘DARA SHIKOUH AND HIS MODEL OF INTER-RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING: AN ASSESSMENT’
Mohammad A, ‘The Rise of a Muslim Voice’ [2024] The Oxford Handbook of Modern Indian Literatures 382
Mohanty SB, ‘Spiritual Development and the Preparation of Teachers’, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education (2019)
Mratkhuzina GF and others, ‘Sufism: Spiritual and Cultural Traditions in India’ (2019) 8 Journal of History Culture and Art Research 434
Mukhopadhyay A, ‘Sufi Poet and Author Syed Liaqath Peeran Is a Man of Achievement’ (2024) 37 Poetcrit 27
Nagappa SP and Anbazhagan R, ‘The Yoga Ladder in Indian Philosophical Systems: Progressive Yoga Practices in the Bhagavad Gita’
Nakissa A, ‘Comparing Moralities in the Abrahamic and Indic Religions Using Cognitive Science: Kindness, Peace, and Love versus Justice, Violence, and Hate’ (2023) 14 Religions 203
Nandi S and Bhattacharyya R, ‘Promotion of Sufism as the New Age Spirituality: Analyzing the Role of Coke Studio Pakistan’
Rao R, The Meaning of India: Essays (Penguin Random House India Private Limited 2020)
RAZ S, ‘RELATIONS OF THE BHAKTI SAINTS WITH MUSLIM SUFIS (16th and 17th Centuries)’ (PhD Thesis, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH)
‘Religion, Spirituality, and Happiness: Through an Indian Lens’, in Jyotsna Agrawal, Kamlesh Singh and Gaurav Saxena, Religious and Spiritual Practices in India (Springer Nature Singapore 2023)
reza Afroogh1PhD M, reza Khajegir2PhD A and Fahim1PhD M, ‘The Influence of Philosophical Upanishads’ Considerations on the Principles of Vedanta’
Riaz H and others, ‘Key Factors for Implementation of Total Quality Management in Construction Sector: A System Dynamics Approach’ (2023) 14 Ain Shams Engineering Journal 101903
Safvi R, In Search of the Divine: Living Histories of Sufism in India (Hachette India 2022)
Setiawan C, Maulani M and Busro B, ‘Sufism as the Core of Islam: A Review of Imam Junayd al-Baghdadi’s Concept of Tasawwuf’ (2020) 9 Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism 171
Shahpesandy H, ‘The “Nafs”(Self), As Outlined By Early Philosophers and Sufi Mystics of Afghanistan and Iran’ (2020) 18 Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora 75
Sharma P, ‘Contributions and Influences of Adishankaracharya on Sanatana Dharma and Indian Culture’ (2021) 11 Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 314
Singh K and Saxena G, Religious and Spiritual Practices in India: A Positive Psychological Perspective (Springer Nature 2023)
Singh S and Gaur ID, Sufism in Punjab: Mystics, Literature and Shrines (Taylor & Francis 2023)
‘Śrīmad Bhagavad Gītā and Knowledge Management with Special Focus on Jñāna Yoga’, in Chandan Medatwal, Management, Change, Strategy and Positive Leadership (Springer International Publishing 2019)
Srinivasan R and Aithal PS, ‘Unravelling the Depths of Sanatana Dharma: Exploring the Eternal Principles of Hinduism’ (2023) 2 International Journal of Philosophy and Languages (IJPL) 12
Stepien RK, ‘Interreligious Relations with No Self: A Mystical Path to Omnilogue?’ (2021) 31 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 721
Sujatha K and Harilakshmeendrakumar CR, ‘JNANA AND VIJNANA AS VEDIC KNOWLEDGE APPLICABLE TO PRACTICAL LIFE’
‘The Quest for “Medieval Mysticism” and Vaiṣṇava Vedānta: The Tagore-Sen-Underhill Circle, and the Chicago Moment of Mahanambrata Brahmachari’, in Soumen Mukherjee, Religion, Mysticism, and Transcultural Entanglements in Modern South Asia (Springer Nature Switzerland 2024)
Thumma TKR and Sezer M, ‘THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE QUR’AN AND VEDA SCRIPTURES, AND AN EVALUATION OF THESE SIMILARITIES FROM APhilosophical POINT OF VIEW’
Umashankar RR, ‘Horseshoes on the Fire: The Praxis of Movement and Journey in the Poetry of Sufi Islam’ (2022) 54 Religion & Literature 73
Valmiki A, ‘Is Ethical Religion Possible?’ (2024) 18 Journal of Philosophical Investigations 147
Vishwanathan KV, Inside Out: A Philosophical Enquiry of Hindu Dharma (Notion Press 2020)
Zickriya KA, ‘Understanding Human Soul: Islamic Perspective’ (PhD Thesis, Goa University 2022)
Zsom D, A Lover of God: The Ecstatic Sufi Nūrī (State University of New York Press 2024)
Published
2024-12-24
How to Cite
Houti, Abdelqadir, and Issam Okleh. 2024. “Philosophy of the Indic and Sufi Thought in the Islamic World - An Analysis of the Commonalities on the Ground of Spiritual and Religious Thought”. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 14 (2), 403-22. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.142.24.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Abdelqadir Houti, Issam Okleh
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