Marine Conservation In the Seafaring Tradition of Lhok Teunom Coastal, Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia: An Analysis From the Perspective of Fiqh Al-Bi'ah
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Environmental pollution, overfishing, and the use of destructive fishing gear have significantly impacted marine ecosystems in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh. These activities not only deplete fish stocks but also reduce biodiversity, ultimately affecting the economic livelihoods of coastal communities. In response, the Indonesian government has implemented marine protection regulations. However, destructive fishing practices persist. One effective approach to enforcement involves integrating local wisdom, as traditional authorities play a charismatic and regulatory role in managing marine environments through customary leadership. In Aceh, the customary authority responsible for overseeing marine conservation is known as Panglima Laot. This article examines the model of customary law-based marine conservation in the coastal area of Lhok Teunom, Aceh Jaya, through Fiqh al-Bi’ah (Islamic environmental jurisprudence) perspective. This research employs a qualitative approach, using field data collection through interviews, observations, and secondary data analysis related to regulations and Islamic law. The findings of the indica species and local species and enforces customary laws prohibiting destructive fishing gear, restricting the capture of certain species, and protecting coastal habitats. When analyzed through the principles of Fiqh al-Bi’ah, these practices reflect the axiological foundations of Islamic law. It emphasizes tawhid (monotheism), khilafah (stewardship), mizan (balance), islah (restore), and ihsan (benevolence). This is possible because the community effectively integrates religious and traditional values within a teo-anthropocentrism paradigm. The advantage of this model is that it benefits marine conservation efforts while simultaneously upholding Islamic values that align with pro-biocentrism.
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