Metaphysics as the Ontological Foundation of the State: The Convergence of al-Farabi’s Political Thought and Pancasila in Indonesia
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The current research aimed to examine the relationship, shared moral and metaphysical foundations between al-Fārābī’s concept of the ideal state, as presented in Kitab Ara’ Ahl al-Madinah al-Fadilah, and Indonesia’s national ideology, Pancasila. Additionally, al-Fārābī stated that understanding metaphysical realities, such as God, His existence, and the purpose of life, played a crucial role in influencing individual and societal ethics. The understanding is in accordance with the first principle of Pancasila, Belief in One God, which positioned divinity as moral foundation of the state. Both frameworks suggested that ethical awareness arose from metaphysical insight and should guide social conduct. The research also critically reflected on Indonesia’s current context, where corruption and moral decline remained widespread despite the centrality of Pancasila. In response, al-Fārābī’s vision that—the ideal state must be led by individuals with philosophical insight and moral integrity was considered relevant. The research reported that engaging in metaphysical thought with a sincere internalization of Pancasila’s principles enabled the revival of public ethics and political accountability. Therefore, Indonesian leaders need to prioritize virtue and the common good over personal ambition and power. This transformation should conform with the nation more closely because al-Fārābī’s model of a virtuous and civilized society was rooted in wisdom, justice, and spiritual purpose.
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