مصالح اور مفاسد کے درمیان موازنہ و ترجیح: عصر حاضر کے مسائل کا شرعی و عقلی تجزیہ

Comparison and Preference Between Masalih and Mafasid: A Shariah and Rational Analysis of Contemporary Issues

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Masalih refers to goodness and encompasses everything that counters corruption. Mafasid, meaning corruption, is the opposite of Masalih and signifies harm, whether to individuals or the community. In Islamic jurisprudence, actions that uphold the purposes of Sharia are considered Masalih, while those that threaten these purposes are deemed Mafasid. The primary criterion for distinguishing between Masalih and Mafasid is Sharia, followed by rational judgment when Sharia does not provide explicit guidance. There are four types of Masalih and Mafasid, each with varying significance in decision-making processes. When comparing Masalih and Mafasid, three primary forms of comparison arise: comparing two Masalih to determine the greater good, comparing two Mafasid to identify the lesser evil, and comparing Masalih and Mafasid to balance benefits against potential harms. This framework is particularly relevant to contemporary issues where benefits and harms are intertwined. For instance, while marriage is a recommended practice in Islam, modern wedding ceremonies often involve prohibited practices such as extravagance and ostentation, which are Mafasid. Similarly, religious events sometimes suffer from extravagance and hypocrisy, overshadowing their intended spiritual benefits. Addressing these issues requires a careful application of Sharia and rational analysis to ensure that the benefits (Masalih) outweigh the harms (Mafasid). This approach helps maintain the integrity of Islamic principles while effectively navigating modern challenges. By prioritizing greater benefits and minimizing harm, individuals and communities can better align their actions with the objectives of Sharia, fostering overall welfare and justice.