Cash Dividend Disbursement, Retained Earnings and Their Impact on Stock Price Volatility: A Case of Selected Non-Financial Firms of Pakistan
Abstract
Abstract Views: 135The prime objective of the current study is to determine the relationship between corporate dividend policy and retained earnings and its impact on stock price volatility. The impact of corporate dividend policy and retained earnings on stock price volatility has been debated and discussed variously over the course of the last five decades. Past researches showed mixed evidences of this relationship and the results +remained inconclusive. Moreover, in this regard, only a few studies have been conducted in Pakistan. So, it remains undecided whether the relationship exists or not and further study is required to establish or refute its existence. For this purpose, modern statistical techniques and tools available for analyzing the data were used. Data from a total of 75 companies was initially collected and scrutinized according to different parameters mentioned in the study. Only 50 companies from year 2010 to 2018 were left to be analyzed as the data was not wholly available for the remaining companies as per research requirement. Two separate models were run and the results determined that there exists a positive relationship of corporate dividend policy and retained earnings with stock price volatility.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, N., & Naz, S. (2015). Impact of dividend and retained earnings decision on stock prices: A comparative study of growth and mature firms listed in Pakistan. Sci. Int.(Lahore), 27(6), 6353-6359.
Ajayi, M., & Seyingbo, O. (2015). Dividend policy and share price volatility in Nigerian banking industry. Fountain Journal of Management & Social Sciences (FUJMAS)[serial online], 4(1), 1-10.
Al-Malkawi, H. A. N., Rafferty, M., & Pillai, R. (2010). Dividend policy: A review of theories and empirical evidence. International Bulletin of Business Administration, 9(1), 171-200.
Al-shawawreh, F. K. (2014). The impact of dividend policy on share price volatility: empirical evidence from jordanian stock market. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(38), 133-143.
Al‐Malkawi, H. A. N. (2007). Determinants of corporate dividend policy in Jordan: an application of the Tobit model. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 23(2), 44-70. https://doi.org/10.1108/10264116200700007
AlTroudi, W., & Milhem, M. (2013). Cash dividends, retained earnings and stock prices: Evidence from Jordan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business 4(12), 585-599.
Amihud, Y., & Li, K. (2002). The Declining Information Content of Dividend Announcement and the Effect of Institutional Holding (EFMA 2004 Basel Meetings Paper; FIN Working Paper No. 02-061). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.361440
Andres, C., Betzer, A., Bongard, I. v. d., Haesner, C., & Thiessen, E. (2011). Dividend announcements reconsidered: Dividend changes versus dividend surprises (Paper presentation). 29th International Conference of the French Finance Association (AFFI) 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2084886
Asghar, M., Shah, S. Z. A., Hamid, K., & Suleman, M. T. (2011). Impact of dividend policy on stock price risk: Empirical evidence from equity market of Pakistan. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 4(1), 45-52.
Azhagaiah, R., & Priya, S. N. (2008). The impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 20(3), 1450-2887.
Barfield, R. (1995). Shareholder value in practice. The Treasurer magazine.
Baskin, J. (1989). Dividend policy and the volatility of common stocks. Journal of portfolio Management, 15(3), 19.
Bhattacharya, S. (1979). Imperfect information, dividend policy, and" the bird in the hand" fallacy. The bell journal of economics, 10(1), 259-270. https://doi.org/10.2307/3003330
Chen, D. H., Liu, H. H., & Huang, C. T. (2009). The announcement effect of cash dividend changes on share prices: An empirical analysis of China. Chinese Economy, 42(1), 62-85. https://doi.org/10.2753/CES1097-1475420103
Dhillon, U. S., & Johnson, H. (1994). The effect of dividend changes on stock and bond prices. The Journal of finance, 49(1), 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1994.tb04430.x
Fatemi, A., & Bildik, R. (2012). Yes, dividends are disappearing: Worldwide evidence. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(3), 662-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.008
Friend, I., & Puckett, M. (1964). Dividends and stock prices. The American Economic Review, 54(5), 656-682.
Gordon, M. J. (1959). Dividend, earnings and stock prices. The review of Economics and Statistics, 41(2), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.2307/1927792
Habib, Y., Kiani, Z. I., & Khan, M. A. (2012). Dividend policy and share price volatility: evidence from pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(5), 79-84.
Brown, P., Finn, F. J., & Hancock, P. (1977). Dividend changes, earnings reports, and share prices: Some Australian findings. Australian Journal of Management, 2(2), 127-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289627700200203
Harkavy, O. (1953). The relation between retained earnings and common stock prices for large, listed corporations. The Journal of Finance, 8(3), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2976396
Al-Hasan, M. A., Asaduzzaman, M., & Al Karim, R. (2013). The effect of dividend policy on share price: An evaluative study. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 1(4), 6-11.
Hashemijoo, M., Mahdavi Ardekani, A., & Younesi, N. (2012). The impact of dividend policy on share price volatility in the Malaysian stock market. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 4(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2147458
Henne, A., Ostrowski, S., & Reichling, P. (2007). Dividend yield and stability versus performance at the German Stock Market (FEMM Working Paper No. 17). https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2018-330
Hooi, S. E., Albaity, M., & Ibrahimy, A. I. (2015). Dividend policy and share price volatility. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 12(1), 226-234.
Hussainey, K., Mgbame, C. O., & Chijoke‐Mgbame, A. M. (2010). Dividend policy and share price volatility: UK evidence. Journal of Risk Finance, 12(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/15265941111100076
Pandey, I. M. (1999). Financial Management. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Igan, D., Paula, A. d., & Pinheiro, M. (2010). Liquidity and dividends policy. MPRA Paper, e29409. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/29409
Ilaboya, O. J., & Aggreh, M. (2013). Dividend policy and share price. Journal of Asian Development, 2(2), 109-122.
Irandoost, R., Hassanzadeh, R. B., & Salteh, H. M. (2013). The effect of dividend policy on stock price volatility and investment decisions. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 51-59.
Javed, F., & Shah, F. M. (2015). Impact of Retained Earnings on stock returns of food and personal care good industry listed In Karachi Stock Exchange. International Journal of scientific and Research publications, 5(11), 397-407.
Julius, B., Andrew, K., Joel, T., & Lucy, R. (2011). Determinants of investor confidence for firms listed at the Nairobi stock exchange, Kenya [Paper presentation]. Annual Conference on Innovations in Business & Management, London, UK.
Litzenberger, R. H., & Ramaswamy, K. (1979). The effect of personal taxes and dividends on capital asset prices: Theory and empirical evidence. Journal of financial economics, 7(2), 163-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(79)90012-6
MacDonald, R., & Power, D. (1995). Stock prices, dividends and retention: Long-run relationships and short-run dynamics. Journal of Empirical Finance, 2(2), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-5398(94)00014-8
Majanga, B. B. (2015). The dividend effect on stock price-an empirical analysis of malawi listed companies. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(3). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2741534
Manos, R. (2001). Capital structure and dividend policy: Evidence from emerging markets [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Birmingham.
Marsh, I. W., & Power, D. (1999). A panel-based investigation into the relationship between stock prices and dividends (Financial Econometrics Research Centre, working paper No. WP99-08). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/47751.pdf
Masum, A. (2014). Dividend policy and its impact on stock price–A study on commercial banks listed in Dhaka stock exchange. Global disclosure of Economics and Business, 3(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2724964
Miller, M. H., & Modigliani, F. (1961). Dividend policy, growth, and the valuation of shares. The Journal of Business, 34(4), 411-433.
Murhadi, W. R. (2008). Studi kebijakan deviden: Anteseden dan dampaknya terhadap harga saham. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 1-17.
Naamon, H. (1989). Dividend policy and its impact on the stock price in the industrial public shareholding companies listed on the Amman Financial Market [MA thesis]. The University of Jordan, Jordan.
Nazir, M. S., Abdullah, M. M. N., & Nawaz, M. (2012). How dividend policy affects volatility of stock prices of financial sector firms of Pakistan. EuroJournals Publishing Incorporation: American Journal of Scientific Research, 61(1), 132-139.
Nishat, M. (1992). Share prices, dividend and retained earnings behavior in Pakistan stock market. Indian Economic Journal, 40(2), e56.
Oyinlola, O. M., & Ajeigbe, K. B. (2014). The impact of dividend policy on stock prices of quoted firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(9), 1-17.
Profilet, K. A. (2013). Dividend policy and stock price volatility in the US equity capital market. Theses & Honors Papers. 145. https://digitalcommons.longwood.edu/etd/145
Profilet, K. A., & Bacon, F. W. (2013). Dividend policy and stock price volatility in the U.S. equity capital market [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of ASBBS, Las Vegas.
Suliman, M., Ahmad, S., Anjum, M. J., & Sadiq, M. (2013). Stock price volatility in relation to dividend policy; A case study of Karachi stock market. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(4), 426-431.
Saleem, F., Zafar, L., Anwar, S., Tariq, S., Khurshid, H., & Karim, U. (2013). Effects of dividend annoucement on stock prices: Evidence from Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(9), 211-224.
Sharif, T., Purohit, H., & Pillai, R. (2015). Analysis of factors affecting share prices: The case of Bahrain stock exchange. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(3), 207-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v7n3p207
Uwuigbe, U., Jafaru, J., & Ajayi, A. (2012). Dividend policy and firm performance: A study of listed firms in Nigeria. Accounting and management information systems, 11(3), 442-454.
Copyright (c) 2022 Adil Shaheen, Farah Yasser, Kinza Ashraf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.