Mopping the Floor and Neglecting the Leaking Roof: Lessons from the Niger Delta Amnesty Programme in Nigeria

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The Niger Delta region is the primary producer of crude oil in Nigeria. The region's socio-economic, political, and environmental issues escalated into youth restiveness and violence, which caused a significant reduction in oil production and economic losses. The paper critically assesses the essence of the Presidential Amnesty Program (PAP), introduced in 2009 as a response to the militancy, focusing on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration policies. While acknowledging the PAP's success in de-escalating immediate security threats and increasing oil drilling and production in the region, the study highlights its pitfalls in addressing pressing issues in the region such as environmental degradation, resource control, and socio-economic disparities. The study likens the PAP to "mopping the floor and neglecting the leaking roof," emphasizing the neglect of foundational issues. It criticizes the program's focus on militants, insufficient coherence in collaboration with other intervention agencies, and the unsustainable approach of monthly stipends. The research raises critical questions about the program's long-term sustainability and advocates for a comprehensive approach to tackle root causes. Theoretically, the research utilizes the Sustainable Development Theory, which emphasizes the need for policies fostering long-term peace and development. The study recommends a reassessment of PAP objectives, the establishment of a clear timeline, and the implementation of self-reliance and sustainable programs for the repented militants to address the identified flaws and challenges in the region.