Habitual Breakfast-Skipping as Predictor of Health Quality among Young Women
Abstract
Abstract Views: 0
Breakfast-skipping habit is quite common among women, especially adolescent girls. Resultantly, their mental health, physical activity level, and menstruation cycle get affected. A quantitative study was conducted to determine this phenomenon. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breakfast-skipping habits on mental health, physical activity level, and menstruation cycle among women of ages ranging between 18-24 years. A sample of 93 women was selected from different colleges in Lahore. Their demographics, breakfast-skipping habits, mental health, physical activity level, and menstruation cycle irregularities were determined through different tools. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between breakfast-skipping habits, mental health, physical activity level as well as menstrual irregularities. Breakfast-skipping habits predicted the menstrual irregularities significantly (P=0.02*). It was inferred that school and college girls who skip their breakfast daily, suffer from poor mental health and menstrual problems. They were also less active and participated in fewer physical activities. The current study may be further implicated among adolescent girls to have a good breakfast for improved mental health, physical activity level, and menstrual irregularities.
Downloads
References
Mansouri M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Yaghubi H, et al. Breakfast consumption pattern and its association with overweight and obesity among university students: a population-based study. Eat Weight Disord. 2020;25:379–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0609-8
Timlin MT, Pereira MA. Breakfast frequency and quality in the etiology of adult obesity and chronic diseases. Nutr Rev. 2007;65(6):268–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00304.x
Kim SY, Sim S, Park B, Kong IG, Kim J-H, Choi HG. Dietary habits are associated with school performance in adolescents. Medicine. 2016;95(12):e3096. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000003096
Henschel B, Chen X, Dickinson SL, Brown AW, Allison DB. Comment on Qiu et al. effect of protein-rich breakfast on subsequent energy intake and subjective appetite in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta–analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2023;15(7):e1653. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071653
Ardeshirlarijani E, Namazi N, Jabbari M, et al. The link between breakfast skipping and overweigh/obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Diabet Metab Disord. 2019;18:657–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-019-00446-7
World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2001. Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. 2001.
Torous J, Andersson G, Bertagnoli A, et al. Towards a consensus around standards for smartphone apps and digital mental health. World Psych. 2019;18(1):97–98. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fwps.20592
Snyder CR, Lopez SJ. Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford University Press; 2001.
Reister EJ, Leidy HJ. An afternoon hummus snack affects diet quality, appetite, and glycemic control in healthy adults. J Nutr. 2020;150(8):2214–2222. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa139
Smith AP. Breakfast cereal consumption and subjective reports of health by young adults. Nutr Neurosci. 2003;6(1):59–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415021000042820
Dubois L, Girard M, Kent MP, Farmer A, Tatone-Tokuda F. Breakfast skipping is associated with differences in meal patterns, macronutrient intakes and overweight among pre-school children. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(1):19–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008001894
Wesnes KA, Pincock C, Richardson D, Helm G, Hails S. Breakfast reduces declines in attention and memory over the morning in schoolchildren. Appetite. 2003;41(3):329–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2003.08.009
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
Mozaffarian D, Afshin A, Benowitz NL, et al. Population approaches to improve diet, physical activity, and smoking habits: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126(12):1514–1563. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0b013e318260a20b
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States. Human energy requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation, Rome, 17-24 October 2001. https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122621/records/647396acce9437aa760043c0 . Accessed October 12, 2023.
Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exer. 2000;32(9;SUPP/1):S498–S504.
Qiu J, Yang J, Lu M, et al. Chinese compilation of physical activities in healthy adults aged 18–64: Categories and metabolic intensities. Sports Med Health Sci. 2022;4(3):160–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2022.06.004
Abebe L, Mengistu N, Tesfaye TS, et al. Breakfast skipping and its relationship with academic performance in Ethiopian school-aged children, 2019. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00545-4
Kosti RI, Panagiotakos DB, Zampelas A, et al. The association between consumption of breakfast cereals and BMI in schoolchildren aged 12–17 years: the VYRONAS study. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(10):1015–1021. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007001437
Al-Hazzaa HM, Alhowikan AM, Alhussain MH, Obeid OA. Breakfast consumption among Saudi primary-school children relative to sex and socio-demographic factors. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1–14.
Järvelaid M. The effect of gynecologic age, body mass index and psychosocial environment on menstrual regularity among teenaged females. Acta Obstet Et Gynecol Scand. 2005;84(7):645–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.0001-6349.2005.00372.x
Nillni YI, Rasmusson AM, Paul EL, Pineles SL. The impact of the menstrual cycle and underlying hormones in anxiety and PTSD: what do we know and where do we go from here? Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2021;23:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01221-9
Hillard PJA, Deitch HR. Menstrual disorders in the college age female. Pediat Clinics. 2005;52(1):179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2004.10.004
Sun SS, Schubert CM, Chumlea WC, et al. National estimates of the timing of sexual maturation and racial differences among US children. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5):911–919.
Kumari P, Bhanage A, Shinde E. Menstrual irregularities among adolescence girls: incidence and prevalence. Int J Nurs Med Invest. 2020;5(4):42–45. https://doi.org/10.31690/ijnmi.2020.v05i04.001
Fujiwara T, Ono M, Mieda M, et al. Adolescent Dietary Habit-induced Obstetric and Gynecologic Disease (ADHOGD) as a new hypothesis—possible involvement of clock system. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):e1294. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051294
Fujiwara T, Sato N, Awaji H, Nakata R. Adverse effects of dietary habits on menstrual disorders in young women. Open Food Sci J. 2007;1:24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874256400701010024
Peña-Jorquera H, Campos-Núñez V, Sadarangani KP, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Breakfast: a crucial meal for adolescents’ cognitive performance according to their nutritional status. the cogni-action project. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):e1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041320
Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA, Gabr SA. The relationships of watching television, computer use, physical activity, and food preferences to body mass index: gender and nativity differences among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(18):e9915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189915
Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(5):743–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.007
Fujiwara T, Nakata R. Skipping breakfast is associated with reproductive dysfunction in post-adolescent female college students. Appetite. 2010;55(3):714–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.08.005
Unusan N, Sanlier N, Danisik H. Comparison of attitudes towards breakfast by Turkish fourth graders living in Turkey and Germany. Appetite. 2006;46(3):248–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.01.009
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exer. 2003;35(8):1381–1395.
O’Sullivan TA, Robinson M, Kendall GE, et al. A good-quality breakfast is associated with better mental health in adolescence. Public Health Nutrition. 2009;12(2):249–258. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008003935
Lien L. Is breakfast consumption related to mental distress and academic performance in adolescents? Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(4):422–428. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007258550
Silva PA, Froelich M, Rodrigues PR, et al. Skipping breakfast associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in Brazilian adolescents. Ciên Saúde Colet. 2022;27:4051–4062.
Hoyland A, Dye L, Lawton CL. A systematic review of the effect of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children and adolescents. Nutr Res Rev. 2009;22(2):220–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422409990175
Sandercock G, Voss C, Dye L. Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(10):1086–1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.145
Utter J, Scragg R, Mhurchu CN, Schaaf D. At-home breakfast consumption among New Zealand children: associations with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(4):570–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.01.010
Keski-Rahkonen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Virkkunen M, Rose RJ. Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(7):842–853. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601618
Ishak MH, Salleh RM. The frequency of breakfast consumption between males and females among sports science undergraduates. Malays J Sport Sci Recr. 2020;16(1):26–32.
Cohen B, Evers S, Manske S, Bercovitz K, Edward HG. Smoking, physical activity and breakfast consumption among secondary school students in a southwestern Ontario community. Can J Public Health. 2003;94:41–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405051
Carels RA, Young KM, Coit C, Clayton AM, Spencer A, Wagner M. Skipping meals and alcohol consumption: the regulation of energy intake and expenditure among weight loss participants. Appetite. 2008;51(3):538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.04.006
Fujiwara T, Sato N, Awaji H, Sakamoto H, Nakata R. Skipping breakfast adversely affects menstrual disorders in young college students. Int J food Sci Nutr. 2009;60(sup6):23–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480802260998
Copyright (c) 2024 Rabiah Sherwani, Afsheen Masood, Hafsah Sherwani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
