Antibiogram Analysis of Salmonella paratyphi A Isolated from Gall Bladder Patients in District Peshawar, Pakistan

Muhammad Nazir Uddin; Alveena Mukhtiar; Muddasir Khan; Ghadir Ali; Shah Khalid; Sajeela Akbar; Wajid Khan; Fawad Hayat; Taj Ud Din

doi:10.32350/BSR.44.03

Muhammad Nazir Uddin University of Swat, Pakistan
Alveena Mukhtiar Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
Muddasir Khan University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Ghadir Ali Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan
Shah Khalid Prime Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sajeela Akbar University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Wajid Khan University of Swat, Pakistan
Fawad Hayat University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Taj Ud Din University of Swat, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/BSR.44.03

Keywords: Analytical Profile Index (API), antibiogram analysis, Escherichia coli, gall bladder, Salmonella paratyphi A

Abstract

Abstract Views: 108

Salmonella paratyphi A harbors gall bladder in the human body. It serves as a site of persistence for Salmonella paratyphi A. It is an enteric pathogen which has become resistant to many drugs. Therefore, the current study was designed for the identification and antibiogram analysis of S. paratyphi A, isolated from the gall bladder patients undergone cholecystectomy. It included 250 samples of bile, stone, and tissue of patients. The samples were cultured on blood, macConkey, and Salmonella Shigella media. Further identification was carried out by morphological oxidase test and Analytical Profile Index (API) strips, followed by antibiogram analysis of the isolates. In the current study, twenty-eight (11.2%) paratyphi A were isolated including 10 (10%) from male patients and 18 (12%) from female patients. Furthermore, 96 samples were found to be positive for miscellaneous growth including 53 with S. typhi (21.2%), 13 with Escherichia coli (5.2%), 09 with Klebsiella (3.6%), 07 with Providencia (2.8%), 05 with Pseudomonas (2%), 03 with Proteus (1.2%), and 06 with Staphylococcus aureus (2.4%). The distribution and susceptibility pattern of S. paratyphi A isolates was checked in different types of clinical specimens including bile, stones, tissue, bile/stones, bile/tissue, stones/tissue, and bile/stone/tissue. S. paratyphi A was distributed as follows: bile (11), stones (5), tissue (3), bile/ stones (4), stones/ tissue (1), bile/tissue (1), and bile/stones/tissue (3). The results of the antibiogram analysis found that the isolates of Paratyphi A were resistant to sulfamethoxazole 23 (82.14%), cefixime 23 (82.14%), ceftriaxone (rocephin) 20 (71.42%), augmentin 19 (67.85%), and azithromycin 18 (64.28%). The increased susceptibility of these isolates was towards meronem 28 (100%), imipenem 28 (100%), cefoperazon + sulbactam (sulzone) 25 (89.28%), and amikacin 23 (82.14%). The current study signifies the use of the Antibiogram Analysis of Salmonella paratyphi A most susceptible and effective antibiotic options for gall bladder diseases complicated by S. paratyphi A, which showed resistance to ceftriaxone (rocephin), cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, and augmentin, while sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem, cefoperazone + sulbactam (sulzone), and amikacin. It makes the latter a better choice for treatment against the gall stone disease complicated with S. paratyphi A infection.

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