Effects of Fungal Fermented Feeds on Broiler Chicken Growth Performance, Gut Morphology, and Gastrointestinal Tract Microecology: A Review
Keywords:
agricultural waste, broiler chicken, fungal fermented feed, poultry industry
Abstract
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Due to the shortage of poultry feed ingredients and the resultant continuous increase in their prices, researchers have been looking for their alternatives. Agricultural wastes and by-products (such as wheat bran, rice husk, sour cherry kernel, palm kernel, cassava pulp, rapeseed meal, and corn meal) are among such alternatives, although they cannot be used directly due to their high crude fiber content. Fermentation is an evolving process that converts complex substrates into simpler molecules using bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. It improves the nutrient content of feed ingredients. It is also used to ferment agricultural waste materials in order to improve their nutritional value, so they can be utilized as broiler feed. Moreover, it can provide an inexpensive feed source to poultry industry and convert waste materials into a useable product. Different bacterial and fungal strains are employed for fermentation. This review focuses on the use of fungal fermented agricultural waste-based feed and its effects on broiler chicken growth performance, gut morphology, and gastrointestinal tract microecology.
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References
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15. Sundu B, Adjis A, Sarjuni S, Mozin S, Hatta U. Fermented palm kernel meal by different fungi in broiler diets. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;788.
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20. Yasar Sulhattin YMK. Yeast fermented additive enhances broiler growth. 2017;46(10):814–20.
21. Hatta U, Sjofjan O SI and SB. Effects of fermentation by Trichoderma viride on nutritive value of copra meal, cellulase activity and performance of broiler chickens [Internet]. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2014 [cited 2021 Dec 14]. Available from: https://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd26/4/hatt26061.htm
22. Chiang G, Lu WQ, Piao XS, Hu JK, Gong LM, Thacker PA. Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci. 2010;23(2):263–71.
23. Marcinčák S, Klempová T, Bartkovský M, Marcinčáková D, Zdolec N, Popelka P, et al. Effect of fungal solid-state fermented product in broiler chicken nutrition on quality and safety of produced breast meat. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018.
24. Lin WC, Lee TT. Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status. Poult Sci [Internet]. 2020;99(7):3606–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.011
25. Yun Teng P, Lun Chang C, Ming Huang C, Chang Chang S, Tai Lee T, Yun Teng à P, et al. Effects of solid-state fermented wheat bran by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Dec 15];16(04):552–62. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjas20
26. Okpako CE, Ntui VO, Osuagwu AN, Obasi FI. Proximate composition and cyanide content of cassava peels fermented with Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. J Food, Agric Environ. 2008;6(2):251–5.
27. Wang CC, Lin LJ, Chao YP, Chiang CJ, Lee MT, Chang SC, et al. Antioxidant molecular targets of wheat bran fermented by white rot fungi and its potential modulation of antioxidative status in broiler chickens. http://dx.doi.org/101080/0007166820171280772 [Internet]. 2017 May 4 [cited 2021 Dec 15];58(3):262–71. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071668.2017.1280772
28. Oboh G. Nutrient enrichment of cassava peels using a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp solid media fermentation techniques. Electron J Biotechnol. 2006;9(1):46–9.
29. Subramaniyam, R. and Vimala R. Solid State and Submerged Fermentation for the Production of Bioactive Substances : a Comparative Study. 2012;3(3):480–6.
30. Sugiharto S, Ranjitkar S. Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance , gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses : A review. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2019;5(1):1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.11.001
31. Alshelmani MI, Loh TC, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Lau WH. Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on broiler growth performance , blood biochemistry , carcass characteristics , and ... Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by . 2016;(February 2018).
32. Baurhoo B, Phillip L, Ruiz-Feria CA. Effects of Purified Lignin and Mannan Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Populations in the Ceca and Litter of Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci. 2007 Jun 1;86(6):1070–8.
33. Awad WA, Ghareeb K, Abdel-Raheem S, Böhm J. Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2009 Jan 1;88(1):49–56.
34. Parsaie S, Shariatmadari F, Zamiri MJ, Khajeh K. Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. Br Poult Sci. 2007;48(5):594–600.
35. Olukomaiya O, Fernando C, Mereddy R, Li X, Sultanbawa Y. Solid-state fermented plant protein sources in the diets of broiler chickens: A review. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2019;5(4):319–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2019.05.005
36. Yang L, Zeng X, Qiao S. Advances in research on solid-state fermented feed and its utilization: The pioneer of private customization for intestinal microorganisms. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2021;7(4):905–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.002
2. Hafez HM, Attia YA. Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7(August).
3. Hussain J, Rabbani I, Aslam S, Ahmad HA. An overview of poultry industry in Pakistan. Worlds Poult Sci J. 2015;71(4):689–700.
4. Oguri M, Okano K, Ieki H, Kitagawa M, Tadokoro O, Sano Y, et al. Feed intake , digestibility , nitrogen utilization , ruminal condition and blood metabolites in wethers fed ground bamboo pellets cultured with white-rot fungus ( Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ) and mixed with soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake. 2013;(January):650–5.
5. Souci SW 1904-1992, Fachmann W, Kraut H, Andersen G 1972-, Deutschland Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft. Food composition and nutrition tables = Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel, Nährwert-Tabellen = La composition des aliments, tableaux des valeurs nutritives. 2016.
6. Slominski BA, Boros D, Campbell LD, Guenter W, Jones O. Wheat by-products in poultry nutrition . Part I . Chemical and nutritive composition of wheat screenings , bakery by-products and wheat mill run. 2004;421–8.
7. Nortey TN, Patience JF, Sands JS, Zijlstra RT. Xylanase supplementation improves energy digestibility of wheat by-products in grower pigs ☆. 2007;109:96–9.
8. Khempaka S, Molee W, Guillaume M. Dried cassava pulp as an alternative feedstuff for broilers: Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive organs, and nutrient digestibility. J Appl Poult Res [Internet]. 2009;18(3):487–93. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00124
9. Sharma RK, Arora DS. Solid state degradation of paddy straw by Phlebia floridensis in the presence of different supplements for improving its nutritive status. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 2011 Oct 1;65(7):990–6.
10. Niba AT, Beal JD, Kudi AC, Brooks PH. Potential of bacterial fermentation as a biosafe method of improving feeds for pigs and poultry. African J Biotechnol. 2009;8(9):1758–67.
11. Chuang WY, Lin WC, Hsieh YC, Huang CM, Chang SC, Lee TT. Evaluation of the combined use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae with phytase fermentation products on growth, inflammatory, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Animals. 2019;9(12):1–16.
12. Chu YT, Lo CT, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of Trichoderma fermented wheat bran on growth performance, intestinal morphology and histological findings in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci. 2017;16(1):82–92.
13. Belal E and others. Assessment of The Performance of Chicks Fed with Wheat Bran Solid Fermented by Trichoderma longibrachiatum (SF1). J Sustain Agric Sci [Internet]. 2017;43(2):115–26. Available from: https://journals.ekb.eg/article_3957.html
14. Gungor E, Erener G. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci [Internet]. 2020;99(1):301–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez490
15. Sundu B, Adjis A, Sarjuni S, Mozin S, Hatta U. Fermented palm kernel meal by different fungi in broiler diets. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;788.
16. Sugiharto S, Yudiarti T, Isroli I, Widiastuti E, Putra FD. Effects of feeding cassava pulp fermented with Acremonium charticola on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of broiler chicks. South African J Anim Sci. 2017;47(2):130–9.
17. Zhang AR, Wei M, Yan L, Zhou GL, Li Y, Wang HM, et al. Effects of feeding solid-state fermented wheat bran on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2022 Jan 1;101(1):101402.
18. Lin WC, Lee MT, Lo CT, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of dietary supplementation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii fermented enzyme powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microflora and serum antioxidantive status in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci [Internet]. 2018;17(1):153–64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2017.1355273
19. Semjon B, Bartkovský M, Marcinčáková D, Klempová T, BujňákBujˇBujňák L, Hudák M, et al. Effect of Solid-State Fermented Wheat Bran Supplemented with Agrimony Extract on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens. 2020;10:942. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/animals
20. Yasar Sulhattin YMK. Yeast fermented additive enhances broiler growth. 2017;46(10):814–20.
21. Hatta U, Sjofjan O SI and SB. Effects of fermentation by Trichoderma viride on nutritive value of copra meal, cellulase activity and performance of broiler chickens [Internet]. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2014 [cited 2021 Dec 14]. Available from: https://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd26/4/hatt26061.htm
22. Chiang G, Lu WQ, Piao XS, Hu JK, Gong LM, Thacker PA. Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci. 2010;23(2):263–71.
23. Marcinčák S, Klempová T, Bartkovský M, Marcinčáková D, Zdolec N, Popelka P, et al. Effect of fungal solid-state fermented product in broiler chicken nutrition on quality and safety of produced breast meat. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018.
24. Lin WC, Lee TT. Laetiporus sulphureus–fermented wheat bran enhanced the broiler growth performance by improving the intestinal microflora and inflammation status. Poult Sci [Internet]. 2020;99(7):3606–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.011
25. Yun Teng P, Lun Chang C, Ming Huang C, Chang Chang S, Tai Lee T, Yun Teng à P, et al. Effects of solid-state fermented wheat bran by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Dec 15];16(04):552–62. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjas20
26. Okpako CE, Ntui VO, Osuagwu AN, Obasi FI. Proximate composition and cyanide content of cassava peels fermented with Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. J Food, Agric Environ. 2008;6(2):251–5.
27. Wang CC, Lin LJ, Chao YP, Chiang CJ, Lee MT, Chang SC, et al. Antioxidant molecular targets of wheat bran fermented by white rot fungi and its potential modulation of antioxidative status in broiler chickens. http://dx.doi.org/101080/0007166820171280772 [Internet]. 2017 May 4 [cited 2021 Dec 15];58(3):262–71. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071668.2017.1280772
28. Oboh G. Nutrient enrichment of cassava peels using a mixed culture of Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus spp solid media fermentation techniques. Electron J Biotechnol. 2006;9(1):46–9.
29. Subramaniyam, R. and Vimala R. Solid State and Submerged Fermentation for the Production of Bioactive Substances : a Comparative Study. 2012;3(3):480–6.
30. Sugiharto S, Ranjitkar S. Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance , gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses : A review. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2019;5(1):1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.11.001
31. Alshelmani MI, Loh TC, Foo HL, Sazili AQ, Lau WH. Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 on broiler growth performance , blood biochemistry , carcass characteristics , and ... Effect of feeding different levels of palm kernel cake fermented by . 2016;(February 2018).
32. Baurhoo B, Phillip L, Ruiz-Feria CA. Effects of Purified Lignin and Mannan Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Integrity and Microbial Populations in the Ceca and Litter of Broiler Chickens. Poult Sci. 2007 Jun 1;86(6):1070–8.
33. Awad WA, Ghareeb K, Abdel-Raheem S, Böhm J. Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2009 Jan 1;88(1):49–56.
34. Parsaie S, Shariatmadari F, Zamiri MJ, Khajeh K. Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. Br Poult Sci. 2007;48(5):594–600.
35. Olukomaiya O, Fernando C, Mereddy R, Li X, Sultanbawa Y. Solid-state fermented plant protein sources in the diets of broiler chickens: A review. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2019;5(4):319–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2019.05.005
36. Yang L, Zeng X, Qiao S. Advances in research on solid-state fermented feed and its utilization: The pioneer of private customization for intestinal microorganisms. Anim Nutr [Internet]. 2021;7(4):905–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.002
Published
2023-09-02
How to Cite
Ahmad, F., Rafi, U., & Afzal, I. (2023). Effects of Fungal Fermented Feeds on Broiler Chicken Growth Performance, Gut Morphology, and Gastrointestinal Tract Microecology: A Review. BioScientific Review, 5(2), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.32350/BSR.52.09
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Section
Review Article
Copyright (c) 2023 Uzma Rafi, Imran Afzal, Farah Ahmad
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