Schistosoma haematobium Infection among the Students of Government Day Junior Secondary School Garki, Jigawa-Nigeria
Abstract
Abstract Views: 155
Schistosomiasis is among the most prevalent but neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It is a human disease caused by the parasitic infection of the blood trematode worm belonging to the family Schistosomatidae A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection among the students of the Government Day Junior Secondary School (GDJSS) Garki in Jigawa State for a period of 17 days. A total of 120 students from class 1-3, who randomly participated in the study, were diagnosed for the S. haematobium infection. The intensity of the infection was assessed by counting and recording the number of eggs present in the 10ml urine samples of the positive individuals. The results obtained showed a 25% prevalence of the S. haematobium infection among the students. The students in contact with the water bodies in the community were infected more as compared to the students who did not have any contact with the water bodies (odd ratio = 0.002). The positive predictive value recorded at 93.3% quantified the diagnostic test employed (syringe filtration method) and the negative predictive value of 97.8% showed that the prevalence of S. haematobium infection was marginal among the student population. The gender of the students did not relate significantly (p < 0.05) with the results of the diagnosis, as more male students were infected than female students (odd ratio = 1.455). The students’ age group related significantly (p < 0.05) with the results and the students of the age group 14-15 years were more infected than those of the age group 12-13 years (odd ratio = 0.337). There were many more eggs in the urine samples of the positive students than the Poisson distribution would predict. Therefore, the model assumes that the intensity of S. haematobium infection is very high and thus the students should be treated and prevented from further exposure.
Copyright(c) The Authors
Downloads
References
Dawaki S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, IthoiI, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. 2016;58: 1678-9946.https://doi.org/10.1590 /S1678-9946201658054
Bruun B, Aagaard-Hansen J. The Social Context of Schistosomiasis and Its Control: An Introduction and Annotated Bibliography. World Health Organization; 2008:1-130.
World Health Organization. Schistosomiasis: Progress Report 2001-2011, strategic plan 2012-2020.WHO. 2013:1-81.[
Hotez PJ,Asojo OA, Adesina AM. Nigeria: Ground Zero" for the high prevalence neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012
Jul 31;6(7):e1600. https://doi.org /10.1371/journal.pntd.0001600
King CH, Dangerfield-Cha M. The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis. Chronic Illn. 2008 Mar;4(1):65-79.https://doi.org /10.1177/1742395307084407
Van der Werf MJ, de Vlas SJ, Brooker S, et al. Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Acta Trop. 2003 May 1;86(2-3):125-39.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001706X(03)00029-9
Ofoezie IE, Asaolu SO, Christensen NO, et al. Patterns of infections with S. haematobiumin lakeside resettlement communities at the Oyan reservoir in OgunState, South-Western Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997;91:187-97.https://doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1997.11813129
Adenowo AF, Oyinloye BE, Ogunyinka BI, et al. Impact of human schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. BrazJ Infect Dis. 2015 Apr;19(2):196-205.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.11.004
Hotez PJ, Kamath A. Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2009 Aug 25;3(8):e412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000412
World Health Organization (2016). Available at http://www.who.int /schistosomiasis/en.
Ofoezie IE. Human health and sustainable water resources development in Nigeria: schistosomiasis in artificial lakes. Natural Resources Forum. 2002;26(2):150-160.https://doi.org /10.1111/14778947.00015
World Health Organization. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology. Printed in England. 1997:33-36.
Biu AA, Kolo HB, AgbaduET. Prevalence of schistosoma haematobium infection in school aged children of Konduga Local Government Area, Northeastern Nigeria. Int J Biomed Health Sci.2009;5(4):181-4.
Okwori AJ, Sidi M, Ngwai YB, et al. Prevalence of Schistosomiasis Among Primary School Children in Gadabuke District, Toto LGA, North Central Nigeria. MicrobiolRes J Intl. 2014;4(3):255-61.
Ekpo UF, Laja-Deile A, Oluwole AS, et al. Urinary schistosomiasis among preschool children in a rural community near Abeokuta, Nigeria. Parasites & vectors. 2010 Dec;3(1):1-5.
AbdulkareemBO, Habeeb KO, Kazeem A, et al. Urogenital schistosomiasis among schoolchildren and the associated risk factors in selected rural communities of kwara state, Nigeria. J Trop Med. 2018 May 2;2018:6913918. https://doi.org /10.1155/2018/6913918
Nale Y, Galadim M, Yakubu SE. Index of potential contamination for urinary schistosomiasis in Zaria, Nigeria.Niger J Parasitol, 2003;24:95-101.
Schistosoma haematobiumInfection among the Students...16DepartmentofLife SciencesVolume2 Issue 3, 2020
Ivoke N, Ivoke ON, Nwani CD, et al.Prevalence and transmission dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium infection in a rural community of southwestern Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Trop Biomed. 2014;31:77-88.[19]Okoli EI, Odaibo AB.Urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Ibadan, an urban community in south-western Nigeria. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4:308-315.https://doi.org /10.1046/j.13653156.1999.00388.x
Evans DS, King JD, Eigege A, et al.Assessing the WHO 50% prevalence threshold in school-aged children as indication for treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis in adults in central Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg.2013;88(3):441-5.https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.120511
Duwa MR, Oyeyi TI, Bassey SE. Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Minjibir local government area of Kano State, Nigeria. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci. 2009;2(1):75-78.DOI:10.4314/bajopas.v2i1.58469
Bigwan EI, Tinja B, Damen JG.Prevalence of Schistosomiasis among secondary school boarding students in Potiskum Metropolis, Yobe State, Northeastern Nigeria. Bayero J PureAppl Sci. 2012;5:155-158.DOI:10.4314/bajopas.v5i1.27
Dakul DA, OnwuliriCO, Anyanwu GI, et al. A longitudinal study of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Qua’an-pan Local Government Area of Plateau State. J. Pest, Dis. Vec. Managt. 2001;3:225-30.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jibril Abdullahi, Shehu Zahraddeen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
BSR follows an open-access publishing policy and full text of all published articles is available free, immediately upon publication of an issue. The journal’s contents are published and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) license. Thus, the work submitted to the journal implies that it is original, unpublished work of the authors (neither published previously nor accepted/under consideration for publication elsewhere). On acceptance of a manuscript for publication, a corresponding author on the behalf of all co-authors of the manuscript will sign and submit a completed the Copyright and Author Consent Form.
