Screening Enterococcus Isolates for Antimicrobial and In Vitro Antitumor Activity against Colorectal Carcinoma
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Background. Enterococci are a part of the natural intestinal flora of humans and animals and play an important role in keeping the microbial balance in the gut. Many species of Enterococci are also used as probiotics that produce vitamins, stimulate the immune response, and maintain the integrity of the gut. The use of dietary supplements to reinforce some gut flora components is a current aspect of functional food sciences to treat various diseases.
Methodology. In the current study, 21 Enterococcus strains were isolated and identified morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically. The strains were analyzed for their metabolomics potential by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, while the disc diffusion method was employed to assess their antibacterial potential against the known pathogens. The in vitro antitumor activity was determined against HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines at different concentrations including 12 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml.
Results. Out of the 21 strains, 9 showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus. Several strains showed sensitivity against certain antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, norfloxacin, streptomycin, vancomycin, and nalidixic acid. The crude extracts of the isolates also showed high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina and significant antitumor activity against HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma CRC cell lines. The crude extracts of these Enterococcus strains exhibited the presence of a variety of bioactive metabolites by using TLC and HPLC analysis.
Conclusion. The study revealed that the antimicrobial compounds produced by these bioactive Enterococcus strains can be used against Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus. Moreover, these strains can be investigated as potential probiotic agents to treat colorectal cancer because of their significant in vitro antitumor activity against CRC.
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