Empowering EAP Learners: PBL as a Speaking and Listening Catalyst
Abstract
Abstract Views: 0
English serves as a second language in Pakistan and is taught academically across all educational levels. Despite years of formal teaching-learning, English Language courses have become largely ineffective owing to language pedagogy that remains teacher-centric and lecture-based. This research paper shares a study planned in this backdrop and attempts at introducing a project-based learning method against conventional instructions to teach listening and speaking skills to college students enrolled in compulsory English courses. The study was completed with 200 first-year college students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught the prescribed English curriculum using the project-based learning method that provided opportunities for practicing listening and speaking skills. The control group was taught using the existing conventional English pedagogy. The pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental research designs were employed for this longitudinal study. Quant-qual analyses of the data revealed the project-based learning method to be a better instructional technique for developing listening and speaking skills.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, H., Harun, H., Wahab, N. A. Juo, S. Y., Aidrin, M., & Ali, M. (2022). Teaching English for academic purposes through Project-Based learning method and process writing approach. International Journal of Languages and Education, 1(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.33102/alazkiyaa.v1i1.8
Albritton, S., & Stacks, J. (2016). Implementing a project-based learning model in a pre-service leadership program. NCPEA International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 11(1), 1–28.
Anderson, A. (2002). Metacognitive approaches to second language listening: Where learner and text meet. Routledge.
Anderson, N. J. (2002). The role of metacognition in second language teaching and learning. ERIC Digest. https://www.cal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/RoleofMetacognitioninSecondLanguageTeachingandLearning.pdf
Arif, M., Zaki, S., & Ali, H. M. (2019). A three-tiered evaluation framework for effective writing instructions in English for Academic Purposes course. Malaysian Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 4(2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v4i2.185
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Walker, D. A. (2014). Introduction to research in education (9th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Barrows, H. S., & Kelson, A. (1995). Problem-Based learning in secondary education and the problem-based learning institute, 1995. Archives Space Public Interface. https://libarchive.siumed.edu/public/repositories/2/archival_objects/604
Beckett, G. & Slater, T. (2005). The project framework: A tool for language, content, and skills integration. ELT Journal, 59(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1093/eltj/cci024
Beckett, G., & Slater, F. (2005). Teaching English through project work. Routledge.
Brown, D. H. (2000). Principles of language learning & teaching (4th ed.). Longman.
Brush, T., & Saye, J. (2008). The effects of multimedia-supported problem-based inquiry on student engagement, empathy, and assumptions about history. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 2(1), 21–56. https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1052
Bytyqi, B. (2021). Project-based learning: A teaching approach where learning comes alive. The Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 5(4), 775–777. https://doi.org/10.22190/JTESAP2104775B
Dehghani, A. P., & Jowkar, M. (2012). The impact of Computer-Video projector on EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Academic Research International, 3(1), 106–113.
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Kappa Delta Pi.
Diamond, R. M. (1997). Curriculum reform needed if students are to master core skills. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 43(1), Article eB7
Felder, R. M., Woods, D. R., Stice, J. E., & Rugarcia, A. (2000). The future of engineering education II. Teaching methods that work. Chemical Engineering Education, 34(1), 26–39.
Fragoulis, I. (2009). Project-Based learning in the teaching of English as a foreign language in Greek primary schools: From theory to practice. English Language Teaching, 2(3), 113–119.
Fried-Booth, D. L. (1986). Project work. Oxford University Press.
Fried-Booth, D. L. (2002). Project work. Oxford University Press.
Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2015). Introducing blobal Englishes. Routledge
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books.
Haines, S. (1989). Projects for the EFL classroom: Resource material for teachers. Nelson.
Hedge, T, (2002). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford University Press.
Howard, J. (2002). Technology-Enhanced project-based learning in teacher education: Addressing the goals of transfer. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 10(3), 343–364.
Hymes, D. (1964). Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology. Harper & Row.
Ilham, I. (2022). Implementing project-based learning for EFL students’ writing achievement at the tertiary level. English Review: Journal of English Education, 10(3), 1003–1012. http://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v10i3.6470
Jarvis, A., Kohnke, L., & Guan, G. (2020). Academic listening strategy use at an English medium university. The Asian ESP Journal, 16(3), 8–29.
Jonassen, D. H. (2003). Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational and Technology Research and Development, 48(4), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02300500
Kachru, B. B. (2006). Standards, codifications, and sociolinguistics realism: The English language in the outer circle. In K. Bolton & B. B. Kachru (Eds.), World Englishes: Critical concepts in linguistics (pp. 2421–267). Routledge.
Karimi, F., Chalak, A., & Biria, R. (2018). The impact of pre-listening activities on Iranian EFL learners’ listening comprehension performance. Asian EFL Journal, 20(12), 270–289.
Khan, S. T. (2002). Gender and education in Pakistan: Issues and challenges. Gender & Education, 14(3), 319–334.
Krashen, S. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. Longman.
Kuhl, P. K. (1992). Psychoacoustics and speech perception: Internal standards, perceptual anchors, and prototypes. In L. A. Werner & E. W. Rubel (Eds.), Developmental psychoacoustics (pp. 293–332). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10119-012
Lam, S., Cheng, R. W., & Ma, Y. K. (2009). Teacher and student intrinsic motivation in Project-Based learning. Instructional Sciences, 37(6), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-008-9070-9
Li, Y. & Wang, L. (2018). An ethnographic exploration of adopting project-based learning in teaching English for academic purposes. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 15(2), 290–303.
Massaro, D. W. (1989). Testing between the TRACE model and the fuzzy logical model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 21(3), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(89)90014-5
McClelland, J. L., & Elman, J. L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 1–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(86)90015-0
McDonagh, C., Roche, M., Sullivan, B., & Glenn, M. (2012). Enhancing practice through classroom research: A teacher’s guide to professional development. Routledge
Mendelsohn, D. (1995). Applying learning strategies in the second/foreign language listening comprehension lesson. In D. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (Eds.), A guide for the teaching of second language listening (pp. 132–150). Dominie Press.
Mendelsohn, D. (1995). Teaching listening comprehension. Heinle & Heinle.
Nadeem, M. B. (2010). Learning styles of Pakistani students: Implications for effective instruction. Journal of Educational Thought, 44(1), 129–143.
Nunan, D. (2006). Task-Based language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Piaget, J. (1971). The theory of stages in cognitive development. In D. R. Green, M. P. Ford & G. B. Flamer (Eds.), Measurement and Piaget. McGraw-Hill.
Richards, J. C. (2005). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge.
Rost, M. (2011). Teaching and researching listening. Pearson Education.
Saalh, S. M., & Kadhim, S. H. (2020). The EFL students' academic buoyancy in reading and listening skills. Asian EFL Journal, 27(4.4), 226–253.
Shang, M. R. (2007, July 8–14). Content-based instructional approach and its implementation: A report on international business curriculum (Paper presentation). International Conference on Language Education and Research, Urumqi, China.
Shukla, P. K., Kumar, R., & Shukla, A. (2024). Project based learning. In Teaching and learning techniques: A new paradigm (pp. 17–25). Government College Zirapur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Stoller, F. (2002). Project work: A means to promote language and content. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice (pp. 107–119). Cambridge University Press.
Sultana, M., & Zaki, M. (2015). Proposing project based learning as an alternative to traditional ELT pedagogy at public colleges in Pakistan. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 4(2), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-09-2013-0049
Sun, X., & Zhu, P. (2023). Implementing project-based language teaching to develop EFL high school students’ key competences. Sustainability, 15(2), Article e1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021658
Tuyen. V, L., & Tien, H. H. (2021). Integrating project-based learning Into English for specific purposes classes at tertiary level: Perceived challenges and benefits. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 37(4), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4642
Vandergrift, L. (1997). Comprehension monitoring strategies used by ESL listeners. TESOL Quarterly, 31(4), 689–712.
Vega, O. (2018). An analysis of the most common methods used to teach English as a second and foreign language. Mextesol Journal, 42(3). https://mextesol.net/journal/index.php?page=journal&id_article=3777
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Interaction between language and development. Reading on the Development of Children, 23(3), 34–41.
Wahbeh, G. D., Najjar, E. A., Sartawi, A. F., Abuzant, M., & Daher, W. (2021). The role of Project-Based language learning in developing students’ life skills. Sustainability, 13(12), Article e6518. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126518
Yamada, H. (2021). An implementation of project-based learning in an EFL context: Japanese students’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding team learning. TESOL Journal, 12, Article e519. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.519
Copyright (c) 2024 Munawer Sultana, Mehwish Arif
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
