Evaluation of Near-Infrared Chemical Imaging (NIR-CI) for the  Authentication of Antibiotics

Sulaf Assi; Sarah Rowlands; Panos Liatsis; Mana Al Hamid; Jamila Mustafina; Maitham Ghaly Yousif; Thomas Coombs; Dhiya Al-Jumeily OBE

Sulaf Assi Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF, UK. 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-9179
Sarah Rowlands Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF, UK. 1
Panos Liatsis Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. 2
Mana Al Hamid Forensic Medical Service Center in Najran, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Jamila Mustafina Kazan Federal University, Russia
Maitham Ghaly Yousif College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Thomas Coombs University Hospital Dorset, Bournemouth, UK. BH7 7DW, UK
Dhiya Al-Jumeily OBE Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moore University, Liverpool, UK. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-0568

Keywords: active pharmaceutical ingredient, blister packaging, chemical imaging, correlation, counterfeit medicines, excipients, near-infrared, spectroscopy, tablets

Abstract

Abstract Views: 50

Counterfeit medicines represent a public health threat that results in treatment failure and may even have lethal effects in the worst-case scenario. Near-infrared Chemical Imaging (NIR-CI) offers an informative and in-depth tool for several applications in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for medicine authentication. The current study aimed to authenticate antibiotic tablets using NIR-CI. These tablets were measured non-destructively using a near-infrared microscope within their blister packaging, without their blisters, sectioned and crushed. The results showed that there was no marked difference in measuring the tablets within or without their blister packaging. The mean spectra of tablets showed high correlation coefficient values against the active pharmaceutical ingredient, in case of authentic tablets. On the other hand, counterfeit tablets showed key differences from their authentic alternatives with low correlation coefficient values. More specifically, counterfeit tablets showed poor distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients. It has been proved from the results that NIR-CI process is an authentic process for the evaluation of counterfeit tablets, non-destructively.

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