Prevalence of Common Haematological Abnormalities Identified in Routine CBC Reports from a Local Pathology Laboratory in Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan

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The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is an affordable and widely accessible test that plays a crucial role in identifying a variety of blood-related disorders. Understanding how often these abnormalities are observed and how they differ across demographic groups would help shape effective and focused public health strategies. The current research used standard CBC test results from a local laboratory in Mandi Bahauddin (Punjab, Pakistan) to examine the laboratory variations among different demographic groups and assessed the frequency of particular blood disorders. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 1017 CBC reports of patients of various ages and both genders were received. The blood abnormalities were defined with standard diagnosis criteria, and their occurrence rates were analyzed. The information was also stratified by age (0-20, 41-60 and 21-40 years) and gender. The description statistics were applied to the analysis. Over half (55.5%) of the reports showed at least one abnormality and 44.5% were normal. Iron deficiency was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by normocytic anemia (7.3%) and leucocytosis (8.5%). It was observed that more women were affected by Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (79.5%) and megaloblastic anemia (82.4%) as compared to men. It is highly common in young adults (68.0%) between the age of 21–40 years, IDA was more prevalent than other population groups. Pancytopenia was found to be rare (1.5%) and occurred in all age groups. Iron deficiency was the leading haematological abnormality in the study subjects, especially in women of child bearing age. Even with the CBC test, early assessment is still possible. To reduce the impact of anemia and other blood disorders on the community, it is necessary to implement focused nutritional programs and public-health initiatives.