Linguistic Perspective of Pakistani Street Vendors’ Communication: An Ethnopragmatic Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32350/llr.112.03Keywords:
communicative strategies, cultural context, Ethnopragmatics, language use, Pakistani street vendorsAbstract
Since the last century, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the twists and turns of meaning-making in different languages and cultures. The purpose of this study is to determine how Pakistani street vendors use language and communication strategies to negotiate meaning and to understand the adaptation of ways of communication by street vendors toward different customers. Based on the Ethnopragmatic approach by Goddard (2006), the researcher investigates the communication of Pakistani street vendors as a sample, using the observation method of research. The findings show that street vendors communicate by using the strategies of cultural script, semantic primes, pragmatic particles, and linguistic evidence like turn-taking, overlapping, and more. The analysis provides a deeper understanding of cross-cultural communication and sheds light on how vendors negotiate meaning and achieve their goals by conveying meaning effectively to different audiences. The research contributes to the field of anthropological linguistics and also offers valuable insights for future researchers, in the context of less-explored areas such as the linguistic perspective of street vendors' communication.
Downloads
References
Agyekum, K. (2011). The ethnopragmatics of the Akan palace language of Ghana. Journal of Anthropological Research, 67(4), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0067.404
Budaartha, I. G. N., Suarnajaya, I. W., & Ramendra, D. P. (2016). English used by street vendors in Banjar Hot Spring, Bali. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Undiksha, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v4i2.8706
Dozie, C. P., Ekwuribe, C. F., & Ajileye, M. O. (2023). Turns, turn-taking, and/or interruptions: A pragmatic approach to discourse. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 16(4), 439–446.
Forkuor, J. B., Akuoko, K. O., & Yeboah, E. H. (2017). Negotiation and management strategies of street vendors in developing countries: A narrative review. SAGE Open, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017691563
Garnham, A., & Oakhill, J. (1987). Interpreting elliptical verb phrases. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 39(4), 611–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401805
Goddard, C. (2004, June). Speech-acts, values and cultural scripts: A study in Malay ethnopragmatics [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 15th Biennial Conference of the ASAA, 2004, Canberra, Australia.
Goddard, C. (2006). Ethnopragmatics: A new paradigm. In C. Goddard (Ed.), Ethnopragmatics: Understanding discourse in cultural context (pp. 1–30). Walter de Gruyter.
Goddard, C. (2008). Natural semantic metalanguage: The state of the art. Cross-Linguistic Semantics, 102, 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.102.05god
Goddard, C. (Ed.). (2011). Ethnopragmatics: Understanding discourse in cultural context (Vol. 3). Walter de Gruyter.
Hidayat, A. (2016). Speech acts: Force behind words. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.24042/ee-jtbi.v9i1.415
Kim, E. (2006). Reasons and motivations for code-mixing and code-switching. Issues in EFL, 4(1), 43–61.
Kirumirah, M. H., Kayunze, K., & Ringo, J. (2024). The influence of politics, existing regulations and knowledge on street vendors’ perception on the legal status of street vending. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.01.06
Mahmood, B. (2012). Gender specific barriers to female entrepreneurs in Pakistan: A study in urban areas of Pakistan. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 2(4), 339–352.
Pardede, N. L., Herman, H., & Silalahi, D. E. (2021). An analysis of adjacency pairs on conversation in Black Panther movie. Prasasti: Journal of Linguistics, 6(2), 198–214.
Widowati, D. (2012). A pragmatic analysis of speech act of commands by the main character in film Elizabeth: The Golden Age [Master’s thesis, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta]. ePrints UNY. https://eprints.uny.ac.id/9081/
Woldeamanuel, M., Abebe, N., & Supangkat, F. (2023). Street vending on Addis Ababa’s sidewalks: A sign of vibrancy and identity or a nuisance for pedestrians? Journal of Urban Affairs, 45(3), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2021.2014764
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Umm -E- Ruman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
